Prozac Causes More Deaths than Any Other Drug Essay -- Expository Caus

Prozac Causes More Deaths than Any Other Drug    Something is wrong with the focus on the "drug war" when 200,000 people die each year from prescription drugs, yet only 20,000 die from illegal drug use. Adverse reactions of prescription drugs are the third leading cause of death in America. In fact, people have a seven times greater chance of dying walking into their doctor's office than they do getting behind the wheel of their car! Every year approximately 200,000 souls die from prescription drug reactions with another 80,000 dying from medical malpractice (The International). Where is the FDA? Why do they continue to allow doctors to prescribe these drugs? How could they let it get to this point? What once was believed to be a panacia for depression has turned into Pandora's box (Tracy). Depression and suicide go hand in hand. In fact, 10 to 15 percent of depressed patients commit suicide (Lieber). This is the foundation of the defense argued by Eli Lilly, maker of Fluoxetine, commonly known as Prozac, and other companies manufacturing similar drugs. Although there are some 200 court cases alleging a link between suicide and Prozac this year, Eli Lilly continues to be cleared of all liability (Prozac and Suicide). One such case was brought up in Honolulu, Hawaii. In 1993, William Forsyth Sr., who was 63 and had been on Prozac for only two weeks, killed his wife, June, and himself. The plaintiffs argued that the side effects of Prozac, which included "nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, inner restlessness, manic behavior, self-mutilation and suicidal thoughts," were responsible for the murder-suicide. However, the Lilly spokesman said that those effects were "based on no scientific information at all." He also cited that the... ...data during trial." Cnn.com. [online], Available: http://www.cnn.com/2000/LAW06/09/prozaclawsuit.ap/ Lieber, Arnold. "dear psyche doc,." Is there a Link between Prozac and Suicide? [online], Available: http: //thriveonline.oxygen.com/medical/experts/psychdoc/psychdoc.11-17-97.html "Prozac and Suicide." Hells Geriatrics. [online], Available: http://www.hellsgeriatrics.com/prozac.htm Reaves, Jessica. "Johnny s new snack: Milk, Cookies and Prozac." Cnn.com. [online], Available: http://www.cnn.com/2000/US/02/23/kiddrugs2_23.a.tm/ Schwarzer, Kathy. Interview December 15, 2000 "The International Coalition for Drug Awareness." ICFDA. [online], Available: http://www.drugawareness.org/ Tracy, Ann. "A Few First Hand Personal Experiences." Personal Experiences Reported to Ann Tracy, Ph.D. [online], Available:http://members.aol.com/atracyphd/exprncs.htm

Weight Loss Intervention Programs Health And Social Care Essay

Outline: This is a 5 page project- APA format, discoursing weight loss intercession plans for rural African American adult females. The plan assess rural African American adult females of age group 45- 60 with an purpose of developing and implementing weight loss care preparation plan for the group. It so develops, implements and evaluates the plan. The paper relies on 4 beginnings. Weight Loss Maintenance Training Program for Rural African American Women Aged 45-60 Rationale of the Undertaking Rural African American adult females are disproportionally affected by fleshiness and are at hazard of many diseases that are accelerated by fleshiness. Weight loss and care is the cardinal solution to this job ( Flegal, Carroll, Ogden and Johnson, 2000 ) . Surveies have shown that despite the fact that 70 % of African American adult females want to lose weight, merely 50 % are actively seeking to lose weight and that African American adult females practically lose less weight than other cultural groups ( Mack, Anderson, Galuska, Zablotsky, Holtzman and Ahluwalia, 2000 ) .Studies have farther shown that such adult females engage in weight loss methods for shorter periods of clip. ( Ard, Rosati and Oddone, 2000 ) observes that there is great demand to increase apprehension of weight loss care among African American adult females, usage evocation process from the theory of planned behaviour to specify the concepts of attitude, subjective norms and sensed behaviour control sing weight l oss and care, and develop relevant questionnaire that can be used to research weight loss and care, peculiarly for rural African American adult females aged 40- 60 Importance of Weight Loss Maintenance for Rural African- American Women Care of weight loss among rural African Americans is of import because organic structure weight is a factor in etiology and direction of many diseases for which fleshiness and corpulence are lending factors such as diabetes and its complications. Weight decrease contributes to reduced insulin opposition, a decrease in impaired glucose tolerance and accordingly a better direction of diabetic complications ( Anderson, et Al, 1997 ) . Anderson, et Al ( 1997 ) further indicates that surveies measuring organic structure form, size and organic structure satisfaction have shown that rural African American adult females prefer larger organic structures than those preferred by white adult females and besides, rural African American adult females have significantly big organic structures than their white opposite numbers. In these surveies, African- American adult females thought of their big organic structure sizes to be more attractive to the opposite sex and healthier than age matched white adult females. It is clear from these surveies that African- American adult females had more positive perceptual experiences of their big organic structures and were less likely to lose and keep weight loss because they considered dieting patterns as harmful patterns related to binge-eating syndrome and anorexia. Lieberman et Al, ( 2003 ) clearly shows that aged rural African American adult females were 0.6 times every bit likely to experience guilty after gorging, 0.4 seasonably as likely to diet and 2.5 times every bit likely to be satisfied with their weight and 2.7 times every bit likely to see themselves attractive. In a big sample of aged adult females, 40 % of corpulence and corpulent African – American adult females were aged 25- 64 and they considered themselves to be really attractive or attractive. It has besides been established that African American adult females who are overweight selected a desirable organic structure size that is significantly smaller than they perceived their current size to be ( Anderson, et Al, 1997 ) . Based on these surveies, it is of import for fleshiness intervention plans to see cognitive facet and organic structure image perceptual experiences in their design of effectual weight loss and weight loss care intercessions. This forms the footing of this plan. Undertaking Plan This undertaking is designed to make consciousness of weight loss care to rural African – American adult females. The plan marks adult females of ages 40-60 and will be implemented throughout different selected local community centres in two Florida rural communities to guarantee that a broad population is covered. The plan will be implemented by societal wellness workers, who will develop selected 20 African- American adult females from each of the two Florida rural communities chosen on importance of weight loss care utilizing elicitation process from the theory of planned behaviour to specify the concepts of attitude, subjective norms and sensed behaviour control sing weight loss and care, and develop relevant questionnaire that can be used to research weight loss and care, peculiarly for rural African American adult females. The trained adult females will so develop other African- American adult females of ages 40 – 60. This plan will last for a period of 16 months, including 8 moths rating period, whereby selected participants will be evaluated on the footing of their wellness beliefs, dietetic consumption, activity degrees, and forms and conformity with diet. Undertaking Execution The plan seeks to educate the selected group on significance of weight loss care and its benefits. Trainers will actively affect selected group in treatments on fleshiness, weight loss and care of weight loss in order to understand their perceptual experiences on this subject before educating them on wellness hazards and dangers associated with fleshiness and corpulence, while doing usage of practical illustrations. During the preparation, perceptual experiences of organic structure size in older rural African- American adult females in two rural Florida communities will be assessed through web sampling. Ten persons in their 40 ‘s, ten in their 50 ‘s and ten in their 60 ‘s will be chosen to take part in 8 month rating of place direction schemes for weight loss care. The survey will measure wellness beliefs, dietetic consumption, activity degrees, and forms and conformity with diet. Photographs of participants will be taken to measure organic structure images. Body images will be presented in four sets of exposure enlarged or reduced in size utilizing an anamorphic lens to find if the organic structure weight will be above or below the desirable weight based on consensus of geriatric doctors. The weight classs will be classified as really thin, thin, normal, corpulent and really corpulent. Participants will be asked to depict these images, based on 12 properties, viz. : attracti on, wellness, organic structure size, cooking ability, likeliness of high blood pressure, politeness, success, felicity, desirable organic structure size, worrying behaviour and friendliness. By actively affecting members of selected group, trainers will discourse current behaviour, beliefs and misconceptions that have contributed to big per centums of corpulent and fleshy instances among rural African American adult females and come up with a manner frontward through active engagement of both the trainers and the group being trained to develop a questionnaire that can be used for single appraisal of weight loss care to guarantee efficiency and success of the full undertaking. Undertaking Evaluation Undertakings success will be evaluated based on informations obtained during 8 moths single rating. Using photographic organic structure images, each of the 12 properties will be assessed to give per centum of those who will hold maintained their organic structure weight loss throughout the plan. Teaching and Learning Principles Used In implementing this undertaking, trainers bear in head that grownups are independent and self directed. They will therefore put the persons being trained free to direct themselves. Trainers will actively affect members in larning procedure and service as facilitators for them. Trainers will let participants to presume duty for presentations and group leading. Facilitators besides understand that participants have accumulated a foundation of life experiences and cognition, and will therefore demand to link this preparation to participants knowledge and see base. Trainers will bear in head that they are covering with a group of grownups, who are end and relevance oriented and must clearly see the ground for this plan. Trainers will hence hold to do this acquisition applicable to existent life state of affairss of the group Undertaking Evaluation Upon completion of the undertaking, its success will be evaluated, based on the undermentioned standards: . . Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and tendencies in fleshiness among US grownups, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002 ; 288 ( 14 ) :1723-7. Ard JD, Rosati R, Oddone EZ. Culturally-sensitive weight loss plan produces important decrease in weight, blood force per unit area, and cholesterin in eight hebdomads. J Natl Med Assoc. 2000 ; 92 ( 11 ) :5 ANDERSON, L. A. , G. R. JANES, D. C. ZIEMER, L. S. PHILLIPS, Diabetes Educ. , 23 ( 1997 ) 301. L. S. Lieberman et Al. : Body Image in Women with NIDDM, Coll. Antropol. 27 ( 2003 ) 1: 79-86 Sites hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2219715/

Womens Role In World War I - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2489 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: War Essay World War 1 Essay Did you like this example? Womens roles in World War I were limited because of the gender roles constructed in society at the time. In support of this, Janet Lee, who wrote The First Aid Nursing Yeomanry provides information on womens roles around the time of World War I and demonstrates the stereotypes that were present. Lee says that at the end of the nineteenth century women were considered passive, submissive, emotional, and self-sacrificing which led to their assumed inferiority at the time (Lee 144). Another scholar, Einav Rabinovitch-Fox, who wrote New Women in Early Twentieth Century, talks about the various female identities and how they changed with the progression of womens movements. Fox describes that by the turn of the nineteenth century, womens movements began to grow, including the rise of the Gibson Girl. The Gibson girl was a new image of female identity. This idealistic, slim, white woman, was often depicted engaging in leisure activities such as sports, or other outdoor activities. This was an improvement in the image of women at the time because it gave them more freedoms which allowed for the possibility that their long held domestic images were malleable after all. This newfound identity would pave the path for women to transform what women might negotiate for themselves as they sought to enter the public world (Lee 140). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Womens Role In World War I" essay for you Create order With the onset of World War I, men leaving for war left job positions open to be filled by women. With this, women were able to take on more positions in the homefront while simultaneously allowing for an expansion of roles in the military, through ideals of womanhood and womens unique nurturing and civilising qualities [which] supported claims for equality and civil rights (Vining and Hacker 335). Women were able to take on roles of care in the war as ambulance drivers and nurses, which is depicted in Radclyffe Halls short story Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself (1934). Additionally, some women who werent able to take on these roles instead supported the war effort in a different way, as is illustrated in I Sit and I Sew (1918) by Alice Moore Dunbar- Nelson. Even though this progression seemed to be a major advancement for women, men would not relinquish the power they held in society. Men had long held the positions of control and were able to make most of the decisions surrounding laws that worked to maintain their power. The state, composed of majority of men, did not want to allow women to enter the war because it would send a message that they were acknowledging womens rights as citizens, and therefore their ability to make decisions that would affect all of society. Considering the stigma that women were passive and emotional they were certainly not seen fit to make these types of decisions. Nevertheless, womens movements were advancing their agenda with the onset of the political New Woman. Unlike the previous ideal of womanhood associated with the Gibson Girl, the New Woman was mainly associated with the growing influence of women in politics and reform movements, especially the struggle for womens rights (Fox 6). Fictional wom en such as Miss Ogilvy and the woman in the poem I Sit and I Sew countered the social constructs of gender by contributing to the war effort despite attempts to hold them back. I argue that their contributions allowed them to challenge their traditional roles but did not allow for a complete revision of gender in society. In a poem written by Wilfred Owen in 1921, called Dulce Et Decorum Est the atrocities that occurred during World War I are described. World War I saw the onset of both trench and chemical warfare making it one of the most gruesome wars in history. With the onset of new technology enabling less soldiers to be on the front today, we often forget those who stood on the ground fighting with all of the brutalities of earlier methods of warfare. Because of this, poems that describe war, such as Dulce Et Decorum Est are important because they give the reader some insight on the experiences of war, including details of the chemical warfare: Gas! GAS! Quick-boys! An ecstasy of fumbling/ Fitting the clumsy helmets on just in time, but someone was yelling out and stumbling/And floundering like a man in fire of lime (ll. 9-12). In this quote, Owen describes the chaos of war, and his own experiences seeing men dying. Women in the home front were much aware of what was going on with the war and wanted to help fight. The fictional character Miss Ogilvy demonstrates proof of this in the short story Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself. Miss Ogilvy struggles with the social constructs present at the time, keeping her from fighting alongside her equal male counterparts. She describes how she felt not being allowed to take part in the war, how she wished to go up to the front-line trenches, she wished to be actually under fire, she informed the harassed officials (Hall 11). This quote tells the reader of Miss Ogilvys passion to fight in the war, not caring how gruesome it might be. Miss Ogilvy counters ideals of femininity at the time by demonstrating the very image of [women] as soldier[s].was fundamentally disturbing to wartime definitions of both femininity and masculinity (Watson 2004, 57) (Lee 145). Allowing women to enter the war whilst simultaneously enforcing concepts of femininity at the time, threatened both male and female ideas of gender roles. On one hand, men were considered brave for facing the brutalities of war and Womens military service disrupted the logic that only men were sacrificed as combatants, therefore only men might qualify for political citizenship (Lee 142). By allowing females, who were not considered functional outside of their domestic ability, to engage in the same acts that men were, it takes away from mens perceived braveness. On the other hand, it allowed women to demonstrate their capabilities in handling the same brutalities that men had always been glorified for, and thus supported womens movements towards equality. Women like Miss Ogilvy countered the stigmas by directly participating in the war. Miss Ogilvy formed an ambulance unit, which saw as much of the battle as those on the frontline without the same recognition. According to scholars Margaret Vining and Barton C. Hacker, in an article entitled From Camp Follower to Lady in Uniform, women in the late 1800s continued to push the bounds on what they were allowed to do in war and began forming organizations such as the Red Cross and others, that sought to include all classes of women, providing them with more leadership opportunities. Their increased roles raised to a new level the debate over the proper role of women in modern democratic society (Vining and Hacker 362). Real women, such as Vining and Hacker discuss, and fictional women like Miss Ogilvy set an example for women to follow, sparking the thought process that if one woman could do it, so could another. Radclyffe Hall provides evidence of this in Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself when she describes how Miss Ogilvy went to London and it was really surprising how many cropped heads had suddenly appeared as if it were out of space; how many Miss Ogilvies, losing their shyness had come forward, asserting their right to serve, asserting their claim to attention (12). This quote tells the reader that there were many women who thought the same way Miss Ogilvy did, and with numbers comes more strength. According to the article by Vining and Hacker, because women were so well organized on their own, when the war did begin, they took on active roles in the American Red Cross, which was one of the most far-reaching relief organizations during the war with eight million female volunteers. Because women were set up when the war began, men had no choice but to accept their help, allowing women to take some of the control that men had previously held. Contributions of women such as Miss Ogilvy and others like her allowed for a group of women to come together and push the bounds on what men would permit them to do. Women who were not able to help with the war effort in this way, seemed to have lesser involvement; in reality their influence made just as much of an impact to countering ideas of femininity as those who were directly involved. Some women seemed to be subdued in the roles society had provided; however, a quiet revolution was brewing in their minds. In the poem I Sit and I Sew by Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson, the narrator dreams of being allowed to participate in the war but is not able to because of the societal constructs that chain her to domestic duties. The speaker describes how she is forced to stay at home, which was common at the time because of the middle-class ideal of femininity inherited from the Victorian era [that] might locate respectable womanhood in the leisured activities of the domestic household and see it as unnatural for women to function outside this sphere (Lee 140). In the poem, the woman dreams of joining war but is constrained by gender roles and must sew, The little useless seem, the idle patch (Dunbar-Nelson 15-16). The monotony of the womans task causes her to question why she cant do the same things that men are allowed to do in terms of war. Questioning her own roles shows that she is no longer agreeing with them. Men recognized that once women started a movement, they would continue to push their agendas until their results of equal status were conceived, and wanted to keep them from actively trying to achieve this goal by keeping them busy with other things, such as sewing, knitting or gardening. The men keeping them oppressed did not realize that despite their hands being occupied, their minds were busy with plans and thoughts of war. Men did not consider their thoughts because of the belief that thinking of battle might invoke a passive and emotional response in women. Dunbar-Nelson describes wasted fields, and writhing grotesque things/ Once men. ( ll. 10-11). Because she conveys war in this way, it shows that the speaker does not glorify war. Just like Miss Ogilvy, she knows exactly what she would be getting into by joining the war. This is an attitude of nationality that men did not support women having. Enabling them to have this mindset would only reinforce the womens movements about equal rights because it would [instill] women with a sense of duty to society and nation (Vining and Hacker 359). This thought would threaten the existing structure of power because it implies that women will fight for what they want at all costs instead of being repressed as they once had been. The woman in I Sit and I Sew had this mindset and although she does not get to join the war effort in the poem, her contribution of thoughts helped make an impact on the minds of women around her, helping to further the growing movement of womens rights. However, both texts seem to imply that although their contributions were significant, society was never comple tely changed. In Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself there is a moment when the story shifts, and Miss Ogilvy travels back in time and becomes a male Neanderthal who has a female partner. During this chunk of the story, there is a battle going on between the two tribes. This portion is different from the rest of the tale because it exaggerates the gender roles present in Miss Ogilvys society. Halls use of gender swapping seems to imply the exact opposite of what Miss Ogilvy counters throughout the rest of the story. The Neanderthal man (Miss Ogilvy) refers to the female partner as his small berry(Hall 29), implying that she is weak and fragile, a stereotype of women during Miss Ogilvys time. Miss Ogilvy finds herself in the position of power she has craved all along. Finally able to fight and attain power in this fictional society, something which she was never able to achieve in her real world. Miss Ogilvys fantasy shows her as the ultimate contributor to the war by allowing her to be a male who dominates over females, and thus gaining not only the status to fight on the front line but also to make decisions concerning others. Miss Ogilvys ideal mate being the exact stereotype that she is fighting against seems to suggest that women will never gain any real power simply because they are women. Only the changing of sex into a male will allow them to achieve power in society. Hall could have portrayed Miss Ogilvys fantasy as a changing society in which women are allowed to fight and men are those that are stereotyped as weak. Because she did not do so, it shows that both Hall and the fictional character Miss Ogilvy believe that their status as women in society makes them eternally doomed to succumb to a power complex that will not change. Similarly, in the Dunbar-Nelson poem I Sit and I Sew although the woman imagines herself in battle, she remains confined to the domestic duties that she is unable to escape. Both Dunbar-Nelson and Hall seem to suggest that although women are able to make contributions to the changing of society, they fail to alter it completely. These texts challenge stereotypes of the time by placing the characters in contexts that dont agree with their predetermined gender roles, but they fail to bring forward a changing of society. Ultimately, the reader learns that fighting for a cause you truly believe in can only get you so far. Miss Ogilvy winds up dead by the end of her fantasy, and never returns to her real world. This proposes that the only way for her to escape the bounds of society is to disappear permanently, offering no resolution to the changing of gender roles. This is an issue that carries on decades after the war ended. Gender roles that were established before the nineteenth century have lasting impacts on what women are able to do in society today. Societal constructs created in the past, influence what jobs women are able to attain, pay they receive and many other aspects. Fictional characters like Miss Ogilvy and the woman in I Sit and I Sew demonstrate the ongoing battle to achieve equal status that women faced in the past and are still relevant in the present. Miss Ogilvy and the woman in I Sit and I Sew as well as real nineteenth century women, showed how their contributions to World War I challenged typical gender roles of society at the time. The poem and short story fail to bring forward a changing of society, showing that the battle for gender revision in society has not been won. Women are still faced with this issue today and will continue to fight modern ideas of gender construction just as those before them.

Essay on Motivation - 2381 Words

Motivation is one of the most discussed topics in the present era’s organisations, especially since renowned psychologists like Maslow and Herzberg are dedicating their efforts to understanding it. Companies are investing a significant amount of resources in improving productivity in order to maximise profits. One of these important resources is of human nature. In order to get the very best out of employees, some motivational approaches need to be used. But what is motivation and how do I successfully motivate? I will try to relate one of my personal experiences with a friend to some of the most influential motivational theories. After introducing my story and making a definition of motivation I will address the ideas of Taylor,†¦show more content†¦Baron (1983) says that â€Å"motivation is a set of process concerned with a kind of force that energizes behavior and directs it towards achieving some specific goals† (Baron, 1983, p. xxx). According to Kreitner and Kinicki (2001, p.162) motivation represents â€Å"those psychological processes that cause the stimulation, persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed†. Consequently, these definitions lead to the assumption that motivation is something evolving from within an individual as well as the individual being influenced by external factors. One of the first authors that dealt with the sources of motivation was Frederick Taylor who focussed on the overall productivity of an organisation. He linked this productivity to the effort an employee puts into their work which in turn is dependent on monetary rewards (Taylor, 1911). This theory was established in the context of the industrial age and thus is outdated for today’s analysis but it still provides a basic assumption which is often referred to by other authors. The total neglecting of a worker’s intrinsic motivators is a starting point for discussion for authors that conducted research in that area after Taylor. Douglas McGregor presented Theory X and Theory Y in his book â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise†. In these two theories McGregor has presented two types of managerial style. Theory X says that management is responsible for directing efforts of the people, motivating them, controlling their actionsShow MoreRelatedMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1216 Words   |  5 PagesOverall, motivation is, â€Å"the general desire or willingness of someone to do something† (Oxford Dictionaries). For me, motivation plays a significant role in accomplishing goals, working harder, and being successful. Internal and external forces also have a powerful impact on my motivation. I discovered that my motivation stems from both internal and external forces equally. However, sometimes motivation is lacking when doing something unpleasant or undesirable, such as writing an essay. ThankfullyRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1341 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation Motivation is, according to the text, â€Å"A set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity and persistence.† (Colquitt) When one hears the word â€Å"motivation†, one automatically thinks of an individual’s reasoning behind a certain task or performance. In terms of job motivation, it is what pushes or encourages a person to not only perform the work tasks, but to also be successful in the positionRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pages4) Motivation Motivation is an important concept in modern psychology. It is not possible to understand, explain or predict human behavior without some knowledge of motivation. Motivation is the effective methods that relate to an individual s intensity, route and determination of effort towards the achievement of goals. Motivation is the process of producing and maintaining goal-directed behavior. Motivation is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs leads to drivesRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1048 Words   |  5 Pages Motivation to work Jesus Guzman Psych 301 One topic of I-O Psychology that I found most interesting is motivation to work. The exploration of what it takes to push someone forward to follow certain company standards or rules and fulfilling a responsibility of behaving a certain way to help it succeed. I specifically want to explore the relationship between rewards and motivation. A few studies caught my attention; one was an exploration of a relationship between money attitudes and Maslow’s hierarchyRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation2425 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Motivation is the number one driving force behind anything and everything an individual does each day. â€Å"Motivation is the desire to do the best possible job or to exert the maximum effort to perform an assigned task. Motivation energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior directed towards a goal.† (Honor, 2009). Motivation can determine the outcome of projects, goals, and can set limits on what an individual can obtain or what they believe they can obtain. Motivation often is theRead MoreMotivation, Motivation And Intrinsic Motivation951 Words   |  4 Pagesresearching on how motivation works in our brain, we cannot make a conclusion about the truth of the motivation in the past century. Luckily, Daniel Pink announces his latest results, â€Å"The Puzzle of Motivation†, on TED in 2009, which gives us a brand new idea about our motivation and how we could improve us by learning his method. In this essay, I will illustrates the main point of Daniel Pink, the ev idence given in his speech, also the benefits I get from his idea which increase my self-motivation and helpsRead MoreMotivation Theory : Motivation And Motivation846 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Jones Psychology April 28 2016 Motivation Theories Having motivation to do something is very important. Motivation plays a huge roll in everyone’s life, even If someone has very little motivation. There are several types of motivation such as Instinct and drive motivation. These two motivations are quite similar, but different at the same time. I will compare and contrast both of these types of motivation and what I think about them. These motivations are very important to your life and canRead MoreMotivation, Motivation And Intrinsic Motivation1629 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There are certain theories that works in the business organization at both practical and theoretical levels and one of such theories is motivation. The term motivation has been defined, discussed and has been dealt with a number of times as in accordance with the changing dynamics of the business organizations. Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci defines a person to be motivated if, a person is moved to do something. (2000). Thereby it simply means that the one who is not energized orRead MoreMotivation Theories Of Motivation And Motivation Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages Overview of Presentation What is motivation? Cognitive theories of Motivation Forms of Motivation Motivation Theories Profile of Motivational Problems How to Motivate Students What is Motivation? Many different theorists have tried to define what is meant by motiviation. Urdan and Schoenfelder (2006) defined Motivation as follows: â€Å"Motivation is a complex part of human psychology and behavior that influences how individuals choose to invest their time, how much energy they exert in any givenRead MoreMotivation Theories And Motivation Of Employee Motivation Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol and some that are not. Employee motivation is something that can directly affect an organizations production. It is no secret that un-motivated employees equates to un-productive workers, but how can we combat this? In order to better understand this concept we will look at the definition of employee motivation, some of the motivation theories and some motivation techniques that could be useful in our organizations. What is employee motivation? Motivation is a word used quite often in many different

Laws Affecting The Agency Of The United States Postal Service

Laws Affecting The Agency When it comes to The United States Postal Service, I did not think they would have many court cases, especially dealing with diversity and mistreatment in the workplace. During my research, however, I was proven wrong. The Postal Service has had quite a few court cases, while many of them relate to ethical and discriminatory issues. Individuals have felt that the Postal Service sometimes judge applicants or workers by their lifestyle or ethnicity. This in turn shows bad representation of personnel management. One case that shows proof of this is the United States Postal Service v. Aikens. Harold Aikens, who was a black employee of the USPS, opened a case against his job being that he felt he was not receiving promotions because of his ethnicity. This is a direct violation of Title VII if found to be true. According to the USPS, Aikens â€Å"applied for a promotion for which he possessed the minimum qualifications, and that the employer selected a nonminority applicant, the parties a nd the Court of Appeals have unnecessarily evaded the ultimate question of discrimination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bartholet 1982). Ultimately, the court upheld that Aikens did not in fact present a valid prima faci case, which the plaintiff creates a belief that the employer discriminated against him, and have evidence that backs up his claim. Due to the failure to prove that he was being discriminated against due to his race, the case did not go in his way. Regardless of the judgement, thisShow MoreRelatedThe Fair Labor Standards Act1845 Words   |  8 Pageswere simply no laws to regulate the maximum number of hours that children could work, how old they had to be, or how much they had to at least be paid. Thus, in 1938, Congress invoked its constitutional powers to regulate interstate commerce and passed a law known as the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) that addresses these malpractices by employers. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards affecting full-time and part-timeRead MoreSM380 DHL Essay1842 Words   |  8 PagesLogistics Services When Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillbolm, and Robert Lynn founded DHL as a door-to-door express service between San Francisco and Honolulu in 1969, no one could have imagined the business evolving into a crossborder express delivery group linking 120,000 destinations in more than 220 countries and territories. Now owned by the German company Deutsche Post World Net, DHL offers express services, international air and ocean freight, contract logistics, and value-added services. WhileRead MoreLaw Enforcement in the 21st Century15936 Words   |  64 PagesLaw Enforcement in a Democratic Society cha pt er 1 ISBN 0-558-46766-0 Law Enforcement in the 21 Century, Second Edition, by Heath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry. Published by Allyn Bacon. Copyright  © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. st Chapter Out line INTRODUCTION The Themes of the Book The Police Function: Social Control and the Use of Force Policing Within the Rule of Law: The Challenges of Discretion The Delicate Balance: Crime Control versus Due Process The Levels of Law Enforcement MunicipalRead MoreCivil Rights for the Disabled: The Rehabilitation Act of 19732309 Words   |  10 Pages President Richard Nixon signed the bill into law on September 26, 1973. This act was designed to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. Proceeding the signing of the bill a federal campaign was launched to eliminate discrimination against people with disabilities. Funding was authorized through this act for states to provide rehabilitation services like evaluation, counseling, training, placement, and rehabilitation technology services to qualified persons. The Rehabilitation ActRead MoreCriminal Trends2477 Words   |  10 Pagessolve murders and other crimes. The technological devices and advances that are available today were not present; therefore, requiring society and the criminal justice system do the best they each could do. The criminal justice system and its many agencies did not have bullet proof vests, GPS search systems, DNA/forensics, computers, Internet, biometric imagery, database information centers, telephones, walkie-talkies, and the list continues. Depending on how deep in the past things is observed orRead MoreInternational Organizations1784 Words   |  8 PagesInternational organizations have been noted to be around since the mid- 19th century and such organizations do not operate for profit. An international organization is defined by the United Nations as an  organization  with an international membership, scope, or presence. The main objective of all the international organizations they say ,have usual ly been welfare and the improvement of member countries through cooperation. Karns and Mingst identify the two main types of international organizationsRead MoreService and Asset Privatization Essay example2405 Words   |  10 Pagesownership of public services from the public sector (the part which is controlled by government) to private sectors (the part which is owned and controlled by private party) is called privatization (Investopia, 2013). According to Sarah E. Gollust and Peter D. Jacobson, â€Å"privatization is the transfer of decision-making authority, delivery, or financing from a public to a private entity† (Gollust Jacobson, 2006). Privatization can be categories in two parts. The first one is Service Privatization: TheRead MoreDomestic Issues of the 1970s3703 Words   |  15 PagesThe 1970s were a time of confusion and revolution in the United States. Integration finally prevailed in the public school system, with the major incident being in Little Rock, Arkansas. The United States went through an extreme energy crisis in the 1970s. B oth Welfare and Social Security went through drastic reform policies throughout the decade. In addition, the U.S. economy fluctuated throughout the decade creating both good and bad times for many, as inflation rates hit an all-time high. TheRead MoreEssay Advantages and Disadvantages Online Business3895 Words   |  16 Pagestonnes per annum and a total production cement capacity of 5.6 million tonnes per annum, comprising Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Type II OPC, Masonry Cement and Portland Composite Cement (PCC). Pemasaran Simen Negara coordinates customer-oriented services such as the marketing, selling and distribution of the Groups cement under the brand name of Blue Lion, NS Cement, NS Brick, NS EcoCrete and NS EcoCrete LH. In Ready-mixed Division, Unipati Concrete Sdn Bhd and I-Mix Concrete IndustriesRead MoreBusiness and Small Scale Industries9686 Words   |  39 PagesTHE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Ayozie Daniel Ogechukwu, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, The Federal Polytechnic, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract A business whether small or big, simple of complex, private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria has been classified as small, medium and large. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a means

Determination of Production Cost

Question: Explain Determination of Production Cost. Answer: Determination of Production Cost The production cost is the expenses incurred by the business while manufacturing a product or producing a service. The cost of production includes Material Costs, Labor Costs, Factory costs etc (Horngren). Here in the given case study to determine the production costs certain assumptions are made because the information provided lacks completeness. Assumptions The Assumptions that are made for the case study is given below: The material costs of a Duplo block is $2000.00 but it is given that for each subsequent increase in quantity cost will decrease by $25.00. So there are 10 possible material costs depending upon the quantity purchased. It is assumed that for each unit of ichibutsu it will require one labor. It is assumed that for producing one unit one oven is required so the equipment costs per unit is $4000.00. Factory overhead costs are the indirect costs incurred by the business (Marshall). Factory overhead costs depend on the table rented and each table costs $10000.00. It is assumed that each unit of ichibutsu will require one table. The total production cost per unit is calculated on 10 possibilities depending on the number of units material purchased. As the minimum batch of production is of 6 units, so at least 6 units of material will be purchased at a time. It is clear from the statement that as unit of material purchased increases, the cost per unit of material is decreased so all other costs remaining the same. Cost of production decreases with increase in number of material purchased. Determination of Work in Progress and Finished Goods The Work in Progress means the total amount of material and labor used for unfinished product in process (DRURY). The Finished goods may be defined as the goods that are completely manufactured and are ready for sale (Hilton). In the case study details regarding WIP and FG are not provided so it is necessary to make some logical assumptions. For the purpose of this study it is assumed that at all times company will maintain double the quantity purchased in FG so that sales are not affected. The WIP is always maintained at quantity purchased but it cannot be less than 6. This assumption is important for determining holding costs. Revenue Revenue is the amount of money that the company can earn by selling its products or services (Kaplan). In the given case company can earn revenue of $6000.00 per unit by selling product on time and in case of delay it can earn revenue of $4500.00 per unit. It is assumed that always enough Finished Goods will be maintained so that sales can be made on time. Therefore sale price will be $6000.00. Statement showing Calculation Statement showing calculation of profit per unit Units Purchased 6 7 8 9 10 WIP Unit 6 7 8 9 10 FG unit 12 14 16 18 20 Material Costs $1,875.00 $1,850.00 $1,825.00 $1,800.00 $1,775.00 Labor Costs $1,250.00 $1,250.00 $1,250.00 $1,250.00 $1,250.00 Equipment Costs $666.67 $571.43 $500.00 $444.44 $400.00 Factory Overhead $1,666.67 $1,428.57 $1,250.00 $1,111.11 $1,000.00 Total Production Cost $5,458.33 $5,100.00 $4,825.00 $4,605.56 $4,425.00 Holding Costs 432.00 622.08 895.80 1539.95 2517.52 Total Costs $5,890.33 $5,722.08 $5,720.80 $6,145.50 $6,942.52 Profit/Loss $109.67 $277.92 $279.20 -$145.50 -$942.52 Revenue $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 The profit is the reward for undertaking risk (Guenther). The profit earned is calculated by adding all costs then deducting it from revenue. Conclusion On analyzing the above statement it can be concluded that profit is maximum of $279.20 per unit when 8 units are purchased and produced. Therefore it is advised that eight units should be purchased. Recommendations The cost system of the company shows that material and labor forms the major part of costs. In material a discount of $25.00 is provided for increase in each successive unit. It is recommended that quantum of discount should also increase with increase in purchase of each successive units. Then the company will be able to enjoy more discounts thus increasing profits. The labor costs are a huge component of costs and measures should be undertaken to reduce the same. The Holding costs of inventory are the variable component of costs it increases with increase in inventory. Therefore to control this costs it is important to develop a plan for inventory management. References DRURY, COLIN M.Management and cost accounting. Springer, 2013. Guenther, Edeltraud, et al. "Material Flow Cost Accountinglooking back and ahead."Journal of Cleaner Production108 (2015): 1249-1254. Hilton, Ronald W.Managerial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. Horngren, Charles T.Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis, 13/e. Pearson Education India, 2009. Kaplan, Robert S., and Anthony A. Atkinson.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning, 2015. Marshall, David H., Wayne W. McManus, and Daniel F. Viele.Accounting. McGraw-Hill Irwin,, 2011.

Business Law Criminal Justice under the Kingdom

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Criminal Justice under the Kingdom? Answer: A restriction is imposed on the voting rights of the prisoners in detention without giving due regard to the duration of their sentence or nature of the crime that they have committed. This is explained in Section 3 of the Representation of People Act, 1983[1]. The citizens are guaranteed free and democratic elections right that is secured in Article3 (Protocol No. 1) of the European Convention on Human Rights. The recent rulings by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) have forced an issue of disenfranchisement into the British political arena by recent rules and regulations. The recent law has provided a ban on prison voting as it is said that violates the Human Rights Convention. Detention followed by conviction forfeits the prisoner rights of convention simply because of the status of the detainee who is detained. Some cases are pending before the European Court of Human rights based on the right that is guaranteed under Article 3(Protocol No. 1) of the ECHR. The British Judges held that the right that was guaranteed by the ECHR was an infringement of Article 3 of the convention of human rights. Article 3 of the convention allows free expression of opinion of the people in regular elections[2]. For example, the elections that were held in the year 2015, indicated that the captives will not be granted the power to vote. Section 3 of the Representation of People Act prevented a prisoner, John Hirst, from voting. The section does not allow the prisoners to vote. He filed an appeal to the High Court, but the case was dismissed[3]. The human rights court in Europe first recorded the case in Hirst v. UK stating that this is a violation of the human right to vote. Hirst won the case with the majority vote, and the court found that restriction of voting rights of the prisoners was violating Protocol 1 Article 3 of the ECHR[4]. Reference List: Lazarus, Liora, and Ryan Goss. "Criminal Justice under the Kingdom Human Rights Act-Dynamic Interaction between Domestic and International Law."SAcLJ25 (2013): 755. McNulty, Des, Nick Watson, and Gregory Philo. "Human Rights and Prisoners' Rights: The British Press and the Shaping of Public Debate."The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice53.4 (2014): 360-376. White, Isobel. "Prisoners voting rights." (2013). [1] Lazarus, Liora, and Ryan Goss. "Criminal Justice under the Kingdom Human Rights Act-Dynamic Interaction between Domestic and International Law."SAcLJ25 (2013): 755. [2] White, Isobel. "Prisoners voting rights." (2013). [3] McNulty, Des, Nick Watson, and Gregory Philo. "Human Rights and Prisoners' Rights: The British Press and the Shaping of Public Debate."The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice53.4 (2014): 360-376. [4] White, Isobel. "Prisoners voting rights." (2013).