Essay on Motivation - 2381 Words

Motivation is one of the most discussed topics in the present era’s organisations, especially since renowned psychologists like Maslow and Herzberg are dedicating their efforts to understanding it. Companies are investing a significant amount of resources in improving productivity in order to maximise profits. One of these important resources is of human nature. In order to get the very best out of employees, some motivational approaches need to be used. But what is motivation and how do I successfully motivate? I will try to relate one of my personal experiences with a friend to some of the most influential motivational theories. After introducing my story and making a definition of motivation I will address the ideas of Taylor,†¦show more content†¦Baron (1983) says that â€Å"motivation is a set of process concerned with a kind of force that energizes behavior and directs it towards achieving some specific goals† (Baron, 1983, p. xxx). According to Kreitner and Kinicki (2001, p.162) motivation represents â€Å"those psychological processes that cause the stimulation, persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed†. Consequently, these definitions lead to the assumption that motivation is something evolving from within an individual as well as the individual being influenced by external factors. One of the first authors that dealt with the sources of motivation was Frederick Taylor who focussed on the overall productivity of an organisation. He linked this productivity to the effort an employee puts into their work which in turn is dependent on monetary rewards (Taylor, 1911). This theory was established in the context of the industrial age and thus is outdated for today’s analysis but it still provides a basic assumption which is often referred to by other authors. The total neglecting of a worker’s intrinsic motivators is a starting point for discussion for authors that conducted research in that area after Taylor. Douglas McGregor presented Theory X and Theory Y in his book â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise†. In these two theories McGregor has presented two types of managerial style. Theory X says that management is responsible for directing efforts of the people, motivating them, controlling their actionsShow MoreRelatedMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1216 Words   |  5 PagesOverall, motivation is, â€Å"the general desire or willingness of someone to do something† (Oxford Dictionaries). For me, motivation plays a significant role in accomplishing goals, working harder, and being successful. Internal and external forces also have a powerful impact on my motivation. I discovered that my motivation stems from both internal and external forces equally. However, sometimes motivation is lacking when doing something unpleasant or undesirable, such as writing an essay. ThankfullyRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1341 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation Motivation is, according to the text, â€Å"A set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity and persistence.† (Colquitt) When one hears the word â€Å"motivation†, one automatically thinks of an individual’s reasoning behind a certain task or performance. In terms of job motivation, it is what pushes or encourages a person to not only perform the work tasks, but to also be successful in the positionRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pages4) Motivation Motivation is an important concept in modern psychology. It is not possible to understand, explain or predict human behavior without some knowledge of motivation. Motivation is the effective methods that relate to an individual s intensity, route and determination of effort towards the achievement of goals. Motivation is the process of producing and maintaining goal-directed behavior. Motivation is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs leads to drivesRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1048 Words   |  5 Pages Motivation to work Jesus Guzman Psych 301 One topic of I-O Psychology that I found most interesting is motivation to work. The exploration of what it takes to push someone forward to follow certain company standards or rules and fulfilling a responsibility of behaving a certain way to help it succeed. I specifically want to explore the relationship between rewards and motivation. A few studies caught my attention; one was an exploration of a relationship between money attitudes and Maslow’s hierarchyRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation2425 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Motivation is the number one driving force behind anything and everything an individual does each day. â€Å"Motivation is the desire to do the best possible job or to exert the maximum effort to perform an assigned task. Motivation energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior directed towards a goal.† (Honor, 2009). Motivation can determine the outcome of projects, goals, and can set limits on what an individual can obtain or what they believe they can obtain. Motivation often is theRead MoreMotivation, Motivation And Intrinsic Motivation951 Words   |  4 Pagesresearching on how motivation works in our brain, we cannot make a conclusion about the truth of the motivation in the past century. Luckily, Daniel Pink announces his latest results, â€Å"The Puzzle of Motivation†, on TED in 2009, which gives us a brand new idea about our motivation and how we could improve us by learning his method. In this essay, I will illustrates the main point of Daniel Pink, the ev idence given in his speech, also the benefits I get from his idea which increase my self-motivation and helpsRead MoreMotivation Theory : Motivation And Motivation846 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Jones Psychology April 28 2016 Motivation Theories Having motivation to do something is very important. Motivation plays a huge roll in everyone’s life, even If someone has very little motivation. There are several types of motivation such as Instinct and drive motivation. These two motivations are quite similar, but different at the same time. I will compare and contrast both of these types of motivation and what I think about them. These motivations are very important to your life and canRead MoreMotivation, Motivation And Intrinsic Motivation1629 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There are certain theories that works in the business organization at both practical and theoretical levels and one of such theories is motivation. The term motivation has been defined, discussed and has been dealt with a number of times as in accordance with the changing dynamics of the business organizations. Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci defines a person to be motivated if, a person is moved to do something. (2000). Thereby it simply means that the one who is not energized orRead MoreMotivation Theories Of Motivation And Motivation Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages Overview of Presentation What is motivation? Cognitive theories of Motivation Forms of Motivation Motivation Theories Profile of Motivational Problems How to Motivate Students What is Motivation? Many different theorists have tried to define what is meant by motiviation. Urdan and Schoenfelder (2006) defined Motivation as follows: â€Å"Motivation is a complex part of human psychology and behavior that influences how individuals choose to invest their time, how much energy they exert in any givenRead MoreMotivation Theories And Motivation Of Employee Motivation Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol and some that are not. Employee motivation is something that can directly affect an organizations production. It is no secret that un-motivated employees equates to un-productive workers, but how can we combat this? In order to better understand this concept we will look at the definition of employee motivation, some of the motivation theories and some motivation techniques that could be useful in our organizations. What is employee motivation? Motivation is a word used quite often in many different

Laws Affecting The Agency Of The United States Postal Service

Laws Affecting The Agency When it comes to The United States Postal Service, I did not think they would have many court cases, especially dealing with diversity and mistreatment in the workplace. During my research, however, I was proven wrong. The Postal Service has had quite a few court cases, while many of them relate to ethical and discriminatory issues. Individuals have felt that the Postal Service sometimes judge applicants or workers by their lifestyle or ethnicity. This in turn shows bad representation of personnel management. One case that shows proof of this is the United States Postal Service v. Aikens. Harold Aikens, who was a black employee of the USPS, opened a case against his job being that he felt he was not receiving promotions because of his ethnicity. This is a direct violation of Title VII if found to be true. According to the USPS, Aikens â€Å"applied for a promotion for which he possessed the minimum qualifications, and that the employer selected a nonminority applicant, the parties a nd the Court of Appeals have unnecessarily evaded the ultimate question of discrimination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bartholet 1982). Ultimately, the court upheld that Aikens did not in fact present a valid prima faci case, which the plaintiff creates a belief that the employer discriminated against him, and have evidence that backs up his claim. Due to the failure to prove that he was being discriminated against due to his race, the case did not go in his way. Regardless of the judgement, thisShow MoreRelatedThe Fair Labor Standards Act1845 Words   |  8 Pageswere simply no laws to regulate the maximum number of hours that children could work, how old they had to be, or how much they had to at least be paid. Thus, in 1938, Congress invoked its constitutional powers to regulate interstate commerce and passed a law known as the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) that addresses these malpractices by employers. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards affecting full-time and part-timeRead MoreSM380 DHL Essay1842 Words   |  8 PagesLogistics Services When Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillbolm, and Robert Lynn founded DHL as a door-to-door express service between San Francisco and Honolulu in 1969, no one could have imagined the business evolving into a crossborder express delivery group linking 120,000 destinations in more than 220 countries and territories. Now owned by the German company Deutsche Post World Net, DHL offers express services, international air and ocean freight, contract logistics, and value-added services. WhileRead MoreLaw Enforcement in the 21st Century15936 Words   |  64 PagesLaw Enforcement in a Democratic Society cha pt er 1 ISBN 0-558-46766-0 Law Enforcement in the 21 Century, Second Edition, by Heath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry. Published by Allyn Bacon. Copyright  © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. st Chapter Out line INTRODUCTION The Themes of the Book The Police Function: Social Control and the Use of Force Policing Within the Rule of Law: The Challenges of Discretion The Delicate Balance: Crime Control versus Due Process The Levels of Law Enforcement MunicipalRead MoreCivil Rights for the Disabled: The Rehabilitation Act of 19732309 Words   |  10 Pages President Richard Nixon signed the bill into law on September 26, 1973. This act was designed to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. Proceeding the signing of the bill a federal campaign was launched to eliminate discrimination against people with disabilities. Funding was authorized through this act for states to provide rehabilitation services like evaluation, counseling, training, placement, and rehabilitation technology services to qualified persons. The Rehabilitation ActRead MoreCriminal Trends2477 Words   |  10 Pagessolve murders and other crimes. The technological devices and advances that are available today were not present; therefore, requiring society and the criminal justice system do the best they each could do. The criminal justice system and its many agencies did not have bullet proof vests, GPS search systems, DNA/forensics, computers, Internet, biometric imagery, database information centers, telephones, walkie-talkies, and the list continues. Depending on how deep in the past things is observed orRead MoreInternational Organizations1784 Words   |  8 PagesInternational organizations have been noted to be around since the mid- 19th century and such organizations do not operate for profit. An international organization is defined by the United Nations as an  organization  with an international membership, scope, or presence. The main objective of all the international organizations they say ,have usual ly been welfare and the improvement of member countries through cooperation. Karns and Mingst identify the two main types of international organizationsRead MoreService and Asset Privatization Essay example2405 Words   |  10 Pagesownership of public services from the public sector (the part which is controlled by government) to private sectors (the part which is owned and controlled by private party) is called privatization (Investopia, 2013). According to Sarah E. Gollust and Peter D. Jacobson, â€Å"privatization is the transfer of decision-making authority, delivery, or financing from a public to a private entity† (Gollust Jacobson, 2006). Privatization can be categories in two parts. The first one is Service Privatization: TheRead MoreDomestic Issues of the 1970s3703 Words   |  15 PagesThe 1970s were a time of confusion and revolution in the United States. Integration finally prevailed in the public school system, with the major incident being in Little Rock, Arkansas. The United States went through an extreme energy crisis in the 1970s. B oth Welfare and Social Security went through drastic reform policies throughout the decade. In addition, the U.S. economy fluctuated throughout the decade creating both good and bad times for many, as inflation rates hit an all-time high. TheRead MoreEssay Advantages and Disadvantages Online Business3895 Words   |  16 Pagestonnes per annum and a total production cement capacity of 5.6 million tonnes per annum, comprising Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Type II OPC, Masonry Cement and Portland Composite Cement (PCC). Pemasaran Simen Negara coordinates customer-oriented services such as the marketing, selling and distribution of the Groups cement under the brand name of Blue Lion, NS Cement, NS Brick, NS EcoCrete and NS EcoCrete LH. In Ready-mixed Division, Unipati Concrete Sdn Bhd and I-Mix Concrete IndustriesRead MoreBusiness and Small Scale Industries9686 Words   |  39 PagesTHE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Ayozie Daniel Ogechukwu, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, The Federal Polytechnic, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract A business whether small or big, simple of complex, private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria has been classified as small, medium and large. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a means

Determination of Production Cost

Question: Explain Determination of Production Cost. Answer: Determination of Production Cost The production cost is the expenses incurred by the business while manufacturing a product or producing a service. The cost of production includes Material Costs, Labor Costs, Factory costs etc (Horngren). Here in the given case study to determine the production costs certain assumptions are made because the information provided lacks completeness. Assumptions The Assumptions that are made for the case study is given below: The material costs of a Duplo block is $2000.00 but it is given that for each subsequent increase in quantity cost will decrease by $25.00. So there are 10 possible material costs depending upon the quantity purchased. It is assumed that for each unit of ichibutsu it will require one labor. It is assumed that for producing one unit one oven is required so the equipment costs per unit is $4000.00. Factory overhead costs are the indirect costs incurred by the business (Marshall). Factory overhead costs depend on the table rented and each table costs $10000.00. It is assumed that each unit of ichibutsu will require one table. The total production cost per unit is calculated on 10 possibilities depending on the number of units material purchased. As the minimum batch of production is of 6 units, so at least 6 units of material will be purchased at a time. It is clear from the statement that as unit of material purchased increases, the cost per unit of material is decreased so all other costs remaining the same. Cost of production decreases with increase in number of material purchased. Determination of Work in Progress and Finished Goods The Work in Progress means the total amount of material and labor used for unfinished product in process (DRURY). The Finished goods may be defined as the goods that are completely manufactured and are ready for sale (Hilton). In the case study details regarding WIP and FG are not provided so it is necessary to make some logical assumptions. For the purpose of this study it is assumed that at all times company will maintain double the quantity purchased in FG so that sales are not affected. The WIP is always maintained at quantity purchased but it cannot be less than 6. This assumption is important for determining holding costs. Revenue Revenue is the amount of money that the company can earn by selling its products or services (Kaplan). In the given case company can earn revenue of $6000.00 per unit by selling product on time and in case of delay it can earn revenue of $4500.00 per unit. It is assumed that always enough Finished Goods will be maintained so that sales can be made on time. Therefore sale price will be $6000.00. Statement showing Calculation Statement showing calculation of profit per unit Units Purchased 6 7 8 9 10 WIP Unit 6 7 8 9 10 FG unit 12 14 16 18 20 Material Costs $1,875.00 $1,850.00 $1,825.00 $1,800.00 $1,775.00 Labor Costs $1,250.00 $1,250.00 $1,250.00 $1,250.00 $1,250.00 Equipment Costs $666.67 $571.43 $500.00 $444.44 $400.00 Factory Overhead $1,666.67 $1,428.57 $1,250.00 $1,111.11 $1,000.00 Total Production Cost $5,458.33 $5,100.00 $4,825.00 $4,605.56 $4,425.00 Holding Costs 432.00 622.08 895.80 1539.95 2517.52 Total Costs $5,890.33 $5,722.08 $5,720.80 $6,145.50 $6,942.52 Profit/Loss $109.67 $277.92 $279.20 -$145.50 -$942.52 Revenue $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 The profit is the reward for undertaking risk (Guenther). The profit earned is calculated by adding all costs then deducting it from revenue. Conclusion On analyzing the above statement it can be concluded that profit is maximum of $279.20 per unit when 8 units are purchased and produced. Therefore it is advised that eight units should be purchased. Recommendations The cost system of the company shows that material and labor forms the major part of costs. In material a discount of $25.00 is provided for increase in each successive unit. It is recommended that quantum of discount should also increase with increase in purchase of each successive units. Then the company will be able to enjoy more discounts thus increasing profits. The labor costs are a huge component of costs and measures should be undertaken to reduce the same. The Holding costs of inventory are the variable component of costs it increases with increase in inventory. Therefore to control this costs it is important to develop a plan for inventory management. References DRURY, COLIN M.Management and cost accounting. Springer, 2013. Guenther, Edeltraud, et al. "Material Flow Cost Accountinglooking back and ahead."Journal of Cleaner Production108 (2015): 1249-1254. Hilton, Ronald W.Managerial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. Horngren, Charles T.Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis, 13/e. Pearson Education India, 2009. Kaplan, Robert S., and Anthony A. Atkinson.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning, 2015. Marshall, David H., Wayne W. McManus, and Daniel F. Viele.Accounting. McGraw-Hill Irwin,, 2011.

Business Law Criminal Justice under the Kingdom

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Criminal Justice under the Kingdom? Answer: A restriction is imposed on the voting rights of the prisoners in detention without giving due regard to the duration of their sentence or nature of the crime that they have committed. This is explained in Section 3 of the Representation of People Act, 1983[1]. The citizens are guaranteed free and democratic elections right that is secured in Article3 (Protocol No. 1) of the European Convention on Human Rights. The recent rulings by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) have forced an issue of disenfranchisement into the British political arena by recent rules and regulations. The recent law has provided a ban on prison voting as it is said that violates the Human Rights Convention. Detention followed by conviction forfeits the prisoner rights of convention simply because of the status of the detainee who is detained. Some cases are pending before the European Court of Human rights based on the right that is guaranteed under Article 3(Protocol No. 1) of the ECHR. The British Judges held that the right that was guaranteed by the ECHR was an infringement of Article 3 of the convention of human rights. Article 3 of the convention allows free expression of opinion of the people in regular elections[2]. For example, the elections that were held in the year 2015, indicated that the captives will not be granted the power to vote. Section 3 of the Representation of People Act prevented a prisoner, John Hirst, from voting. The section does not allow the prisoners to vote. He filed an appeal to the High Court, but the case was dismissed[3]. The human rights court in Europe first recorded the case in Hirst v. UK stating that this is a violation of the human right to vote. Hirst won the case with the majority vote, and the court found that restriction of voting rights of the prisoners was violating Protocol 1 Article 3 of the ECHR[4]. Reference List: Lazarus, Liora, and Ryan Goss. "Criminal Justice under the Kingdom Human Rights Act-Dynamic Interaction between Domestic and International Law."SAcLJ25 (2013): 755. McNulty, Des, Nick Watson, and Gregory Philo. "Human Rights and Prisoners' Rights: The British Press and the Shaping of Public Debate."The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice53.4 (2014): 360-376. White, Isobel. "Prisoners voting rights." (2013). [1] Lazarus, Liora, and Ryan Goss. "Criminal Justice under the Kingdom Human Rights Act-Dynamic Interaction between Domestic and International Law."SAcLJ25 (2013): 755. [2] White, Isobel. "Prisoners voting rights." (2013). [3] McNulty, Des, Nick Watson, and Gregory Philo. "Human Rights and Prisoners' Rights: The British Press and the Shaping of Public Debate."The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice53.4 (2014): 360-376. [4] White, Isobel. "Prisoners voting rights." (2013).

Environmental in Business

Introduction While the word â€Å"biofuel† became an instant catchword, expectations were high that a solution for the ever-inflated oil prices and environmental troubles had been found. Unfortunately, politicians, environmentalists, cultivators, and consumers are slowly accepting that the condition remains a bit unchanged. While the possibility of plant energy might perhaps be eco-friendlier, the fossil fuel that goes into planting, fertilising, and transporting biofuel plants and products smudge this image1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, even though biofuels started partly as a way of assisting consumers burdened with high oil costs, large-scale production of biofuels might give way to high food costs. Whereas numerous corn and soy farmers are gaining from the biofuels trade, other industries are hurting on the other hand. The pric es for grain have stepped up as growing quantities of soy, sugarcane, and corn are redirected to the energy industry instead of being used by farm animals and in the food industry. The drawbacks of biofuels emerge at first glimpse nearly to overshadow the gains after considering the quantity of fossil fuel required in generating biofuels, outcomes of deforestation, emission of greenhouse gases, and consequential increase in the prices of foods,. Even though the contemporary sources of biofuels are not promising, there is a practicable cause to pursue biofuels because sustainable and extra proficient biofuel alternatives are on the scope2. Husks, algae, waste products, and grasses are the flaunted sources of fuel for the future. The only problem lies in the fact that, the requirements for expertise and costs incurred in processing these substances render the present mass-production quest impracticable. The most biting question currently is how to make use of biofuels and at the same time not hurt the environment or consumers. Legislation ought to be thoughtful of the present and future actualities of the biofuels sector. This paper discusses arguments and counterarguments concerning biofuels from economic and environmental perspective, coupled with the way to assess the sustainability of biofuels. Arguments and counterarguments of biofuels The debate on biofuels centres on an investigation of the merits and demerits of making use of plants to generate fuel3. The arguments in favour of using biofuels might comprise decreased dependence on foreign oil, cutback of pollution, generation of a by-product that livestock might consume, and economic gain to farmers in the U.S. The counterarguments might comprise deforestation, vehicle safety concerns, soil erosion, augmented pollution, and augmented food costs. Arguments Decreased dependence on foreign oil Dependence on foreign oil may be decreased if biofuels form even a small proportion of the gasoline utilised nowada ys. Theoretically, this move might give the U.S. a special advantage when coping with nations in the Middle East. Nevertheless, the degree of the ability to which biofuels substitute fossil fuels is fairly low4. For instance, a report presented by the United Nations disclosed that, biofuels presently constitute just 0.9 percent of the fuel utilised for transportation.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yet, further distressingly, by the year 2015, the International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts this proportion to move progressively to merely 2.3 percent. By the year 2030, the proportion of fuel obtained from biofuels employed in transportation will just be 3.2 percent. These figures are greatly lesser than the anticipation of the public, derived from the gleaming stories, concerning biofuels, obtained from the media industry5. The proportion of fuel obtained from biomass seems small; nonetheless, even a 3 percent dislocation of foreign fossil fuel would have a considerable impact on the relationship of the U.S. with oil-rich nations. Decreased pollution It is likely that an augmented use of biofuels might decrease pollution, since biofuels are actually biodegradable, in addition to not being detrimental when discharged in the environment. The latency for cutback of greenhouse gasses is noteworthy, especially when the benefits of advanced biofuels like different kinds of cellulosic ethanol are deemed. Adding ethanol to fossil fuel creates gasoline that assists in reducing air pollution as it gives out less lead, sulphur oxide, and other kinds of polluting elements into the atmosphere, while the fuel is burning6. Generation of a by-product that livestock might consume A by-product in the process of making corn-obtained ethanol is Distiller’s Dried Grains (DDGs) or Grain Solubles (DDGS), which might be utilised as a feedstock for livestock such as pi gs, cattle, and poultry due to their high-protein content. Given that the common requirement for corn hails from the necessity for feedstock, the application of ethanol might provide meat-producing animals with feedstock. A study found that, DDGs supply an extra feed for livestock and thus farmers use it in counterbalancing higher corn prices as well as decreased availability, because corn is taken to ethanol industries7. If farmers could make use of DDGs and DDGS, then the elevated costs of corn could not distress them severely. In addition, consumers could also gain, as the price of meat could become less than it could when livestock farmers incur a much higher cost for corn. Economic gain to farmers in the US Farmers in the US will keep on enjoying economic gains from requirement for corn by biofuels manufactures for a time. If demand for biofuels in other parts of the world escalates, nations like the US would benefit from even more export returns. The US is not a direct competi tor to Brazil in the market of biofuels, since the beneficial biofuel crop of Brazil is sugarcane, whereas the beneficial biofuel crop of the US is corn. Both these crops (corn and sugarcane) are utilised in the manufacture of biofuels. The requirements for biofuels are extremely vast that none of these nations is in trouble of being locked out of the market8.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Counterarguments The disadvantages of the use of biofuels like latently higher food costs, vehicle safety concerns, augmented deforestation, and pollution have forced the public to re-analyse the drive for a greater utilisation of biofuels. Increase in food costs One of the concerns concerning ethanol is the possibility of an increase in food costs. A steady move to corn past other crops reveals the high intensities of household corn-founded ethanol generation and in crease in exports that maintain corn demand and generation returns sturdy9. Whereas the corn ethanol bonanza results into great returns for farmers, this kind of ethanol pushes up food costs. While more corn is redirected to the generation of biofuels, the requirement for corn as foodstuff is strained by a reduced supply. Increasing food costs upset consumers in general, and they upset underprivileged consumers above all. The underprivileged are in particular susceptible to harm via hiking food costs, since the poor have a tendency of using bigger proportions of their profits on food items. Vehicle safety issues There are numerous performance and security issues associated with the application of biofuels in vehicle and aircraft engines. Whereas the utilisation of flexible fuels in vehicle seems trouble-free in the short-run, the long-term consequences on engines making use of biofuels are yet to be established. A number of antagonists to augmented utilisation of biofuels argue that , engine performance might be considerably affected by the utilisation of a high proportion of biofuels10. A safety issue concerning the utilisation of biofuels in business airliners is that, biofuels are more liable to freezing if exposed to low temperatures when judged against fossil fuels. Governments in various nations are presently undertaking studies intended to discover more concerning the consequences of biofuels on vehicle and aircraft engines in the end. Despite the fact that pilots have been on successful flights on biofuel-fuelled flights, most airlines are not set to utilise pure biofuels in flights pending gathering of more research. Augmented deforestation and pollution Sarcastically, one drawback of biofuels might be pollution. Biofuels could cause an augment in a number of pollutants since fossil fuels are utilised in the making of biofuels. The emission of greenhouse gases tops the list of environmental issues. High ethanol utilisation might give rise to transforma tions in land utilisation that could easily augment the release of greenhouse gases11. Biofuels decrease reliance on imported oil, to some extent.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the ethanol bonanza has generated rural employments and enriched a number of farmers and agribusinesses. However, the fundamental setback with the majority of biofuels is remarkably straightforward, viz. making use of land to produce fuel gives way to the ruin of grasslands, wetlands, and forests that store huge quantities of carbon. Regrettably, researchers have overlooked this aspect so far. Analysis This part comprises considerations of the arguments and counterarguments on biofuels. It also comprises an analysis of the officially authorised structures enclosing biofuels. As it will be discussed, the arguments in favour of biofuels outweigh the counterarguments of the same12. Although present legislations offer a helpful policy for the essential advancement of biofuels, expertise is yet to get closer to the legislative ambitions. Bringing in more expertise might be essential to conquer the status quo of corn-obtained ethanol. This could be pleasing as cellulosic eth anol is much environmentally pleasant than corn-obtained ethanol and causes less risk to food costs. Enquiries are still a commonplace regarding the effectiveness of biofuels, even as the world requires a substitute to fossil fuel. The traditional corn-obtained ethanol heaps special setbacks concerning fertiliser, land utilisation, and energy required for production. In addition, redirecting corn for fuel might cause increased human food and livestock feed costs13. The long run and short-run consequences of making use of biofuel are an additional and vital part of the biofuel debate. Biofuel plans, in the short-run, do not appear almost as eco-friendly as proponents initially anticipated. Fossil fuels are essential to the generation of biofuels at numerous phases, viz. sowing, fertilising, reaping, carrying, and processing. Inserting soil-erosion and deforestation to the formula makes biofuels appear catastrophic. The short-run consequences of biofuel production might be distressing ; nevertheless, the long-run gains might justify the unconstructive effects of the short-run original venture in biofuels. For example, most of the fuel (presently petroleum) utilised in the generation of biofuels might be prepared from plants. This could rely on the advancement of expertise making vehicles able to run on high proportions of biofuels. Although soil erosion and deforestation would still be pertinent issues to address, petroleum might not be required to generate biofuels. Ultimately, in future, making of biofuels might probably be eco-friendlier than today for fossil fuel that presently goes into producing biofuels would be substituted by biofuels14. Biofuels will be cleaner and eco-friendlier after substituting fossil fuel with other eco-friendlier fuels in the production of biofuels. When thinking of creating a biofuel world, corn-obtained ethanol, cellulosic ethanol, and waste-obtained ethanol should be analysed independently. Corn-obtained ethanol seems the cruddi est form of biofuel from both economic and environmental standpoints. Large quantities of petroleum-derived fertilisers and specific soil types are required to grow corn. In addition, corn could cause shortage of food supply resulting to price hikes. The attractiveness of corn-obtained ethanol is that, farmers are set to grow enormous quantities of corn and the expertise to make corn-obtained ethanol green exists. Waste-obtained ethanol and cellulosic ethanol cause strong short-run difficulties, but present considerable long-run benefits. Once the expertise turns the making and processing of biofuels green, their use will be both economically and environmentally friendly. Cellulosic ethanol possesses numerous economic and environmental benefits. Given that algae and grasses can grow in lands set aside for cultivation, they will prevent the need of using agricultural land for fuel production, thus evading the difficulty of increasing prices of food15. With new advancements in experti se daily, there is no cause to discard the biofuel idea. In fact, after the inactiveness of fossil fuel and vehicle industries is conquered, actual environmental development will be attained. In addition, when the fuel burned to form biofuel is itself biofuel, the energy sequence will turn into a more constructive one. Assessment Evaluation of the sustainability of biofuel is possible through application of new devices that permit users to carry out a self-evaluation, alongside the standards of the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB) and a self-hazard evaluation16. Online devices as well determine biofuel emission of greenhouse gases for every lifecycle generation stride, from cultivation to ultimate fuel supply; this computation can be carried out in accordance with different methodologies in new devices, which are directly available online and some are at no cost17. The RSB offers the best tool for this assessment. The RSB device has twelve standards for sustainable productio n of biofuels, comprising environmental and economic principles like food prices. Under the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission standard, operators in every step in the production of biofuel should compute the GHG emissions of their processes. Such computations necessitate knowledge of life cycle assessment (LCA) of biofuels. Diverse GHG computation methods applied include the RSB standard, and the European Renewable Energy Directive (RED) standard. The assessment tools are aimed at every stakeholder in the biofuels industry; for instance, crop farmers, traders, and biofuel producers that desire showing the sustainability of what they produce. Conclusion Different arguments in favour of biofuel and counterarguments have been discussed in this paper as well as analysis and stand in the debate concerning biofuel. More research is required to decide the economically and environmentally friendly ways to make use of biofuel and devise the expertise required in processing these fuels, since dec isions concerning biofuels will directly influence the environment and the economy18. Cellulosic biofuels cause fewer impediments to food supply and prices, and are greener than corn-obtained ethanol. Although biofuels have the likelihood of decreasing pollution, it is essential to think about their influences on economy and the environment. The utilisation of corn-obtained ethanol must reduce in ratio to the accessibility of other current biofuels with less environmental drawbacks. Once the essential expertise is built to utilise these more recent biofuels, the venture in biofuels will be exceedingly satisfying. Bibliography Ajanovic, Amela. â€Å"Biofuels versus food production: Does biofuels production increase food prices?† Energy 36, no. 4 (2011): 2070-2076. Brueckner, Martin. The business with the environment: A (different) reader. South Melbourne: Cengage Learning Australia, 2011. Gasparatos, Alexandros, Per Stromberg, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi. â€Å"Biofuels, ecosystem services and human wellbeing: Putting biofuels in the ecosystem services narrative.† Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment 142, no. 4 (2011): 111-128. Gomiero, Tiziano, Maurizio Paoletti, and David Pimentel. â€Å"Biofuels: Efficiency, Ethics, and Limits to Human Appropriation of Ecosystem Services.†Journal of Agricultural Environmental Ethics 23, no. 5 (2010): 403-434. Hochman, Gal, Deepak Rajagopal, and David Zilberman. â€Å"The Effect of Biofuels on the International Oil Market*.†Applied Economic Perspectives Policy 33, no. 3 (2011): 402-427. Holleman, Hannah. â€Å"Energy Policy and Environmental Possibilities: Biofuels and Key Protagonists of Ecological Change*.† Rural Sociology 77, no. 2 (2012): 280-307. Huang, Jikun, Jun Yang, Siwa Msangi, Scott Rozelle, and Alfons Weersink. â€Å"Biofuels and the poor: Global impact pathways of biofuels on agricultural markets.† Food Policy 37, no. 4 (2012): 439-451. Karlen, Douglas, and Brian Kerr.  "Future Testing Opportunities to Ensure Sustainability of the Biofuels Industry.† Communications in Soil Science Plant Analysis 43, no. 2 (2012): 36-46. Lin, Jolene. â€Å"Governing Biofuels: A Principal-Agent Analysis of the European Union Biofuels Certification Regime and the Clean Development Mechanism.† Journal of Environmental Law 24, no. 1 (2012): 43-73 Rajgor, Gail. â€Å"Biofuels bottleneck: With an increased focus on biofuels as an energy solution, have policy makers been too optimistic about how soon second-generation biofuels can be developed?† Renewable Energy Focus 12, no. 6 (2011): 66-71. Romppanen, Seita. â€Å"Regulating Better Biofuels for the European Union.† European Energy Environmental Law Review 21, no. 3 (2012): 123-141. Snow, Allison, and Val Smith. â€Å"Genetically Engineered Algae for Biofuels: A Key Role for Ecologists.† BioScience 62, no. 8 (2012): 765-768. Vimmerstedt, Laura, Brian Bush, and Steve Peterson. â€Å"Eth anol Distribution, Dispensing, and Use: Analysis of a Portion of the Biomass-to-Biofuels Supply Chain Using System Dynamics.† PLoS ONE 7, no. 5 (2012): 1-18. Footnotes 1 Gail Rajgor, â€Å"Biofuels bottleneck: With an increased focus on biofuels as an energy solution, have policy makers been too optimistic about how soon second-generation biofuels can be developed?† Renewable Energy Focus 12, no. 6 (2011): 66-68. 2 Jikun Huang, Jun Yang, Siwa Msangi, Scott Rozelle, and Alfons Weersink, â€Å"Biofuels and the poor: Global impact pathways of biofuels on agricultural markets,† Food Policy 37, no. 4 (2012): 439-451. 3 Gal Hochman, Deepak Rajagopal, and David Zilberman, â€Å"The Effect of Biofuels on the International Oil Market,† Applied Economic Perspectives Policy 33, no. 3 (2011): 402-427. 4 Jolene Lin, â€Å"Governing Biofuels: A Principal-Agent Analysis of the European Union Biofuels Certification Regime and the Clean Development Mechanism,† Jour nal of Environmental Law 24, no. 1 (2012): 43-73. 5 Hannah Holleman, â€Å"Energy Policy and Environmental Possibilities: Biofuels and Key Protagonists of Ecological Change,† Rural Sociology 77, no. 2 (2012): 280-285. 6 Laura Vimmerstedt, Brian Bush, and Steve Peterson, â€Å"Ethanol Distribution, Dispensing, and Use: Analysis of a Portion of the Biomass-to-Biofuels Supply Chain Using System Dynamics,† PLoS ONE 7, no. 5 (2012): 1-11. 7 Allison Snow, and Val Smith, â€Å"Genetically Engineered Algae for Biofuels: A Key Role for Ecologists,† BioScience 62, no. 8 (2012): 765-768. 8 Alexandros Gasparatos, Per Stromberg, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi. â€Å"Biofuels, ecosystem services and human wellbeing: Putting biofuels in the ecosystem services narrative,† Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment 142, no. 4 (2011): 111-128. 9 Tiziano Gomiero, Maurizio Paoletti, and David Pimentel, â€Å"Biofuels: Efficiency, Ethics, and Limits to Human Appropriation of Ecosystem Serv ices,† Journal of Agricultural Environmental Ethics 23, no. 5 (2010): 403-410. 10 Gomiero, Paoletti, and Pimentel, 411-434. 11 Douglas Karlen, and Brian Kerr, â€Å"Future Testing Opportunities to Ensure Sustainability of the Biofuels Industry,† Communications in Soil Science Plant Analysis 43, no. 2 (2012): 36-46. 12 Seita Romppanen, â€Å"Regulating Better Biofuels for the European Union,† European Energy Environmental Law Review 21, no. 3 (2012): 123-126. 13 Rajgor, 69-71. 14 Holleman, 286-307. 15 Amela Ajanovic, â€Å"Biofuels versus food production: Does biofuels production increase food prices?†Energy 36, no. 4 (2011): 2070-2076. 16 Romppanen, 127-141. 17 Martin Brueckner, The business with the environment: A (different) reader, (South Melbourne: Cengage Learning Australia, 2011), 35-56. 18 Vimmerstedt, Brian Bush, and Steve Peterson, 12-18. This essay on Environmental in Business was written and submitted by user Harlow Hebert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom American Airlines Research Plan essay

buy custom American Airlines Research Plan essay American Airlines, Inc. is the third largest airline in respect to operating revenues as well as in passenger miles transported (Capozzi, 2001). Headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, AA (American Airlines) operates an extensive domestic and international network, a factor that has enormously contributed to brand awareness among the customers (Reed, 1993). Wikinvest (2012) the net income of the firm rose by $1 billion to $ 470 million in loss in 2011 as compared to 2010 (Forty, 2007). As at February 17, 2012, the prevailing share price of AA at the NYSE was $ 0.51, with the total number of shares traded being 3,121,989 (Wikinvest, 2012). With a market share of 32.1% in the U.S. and annual sales revenue of $22.16 billion, Kawai (2011) attributes the recent growth of AA, domestically and internationally, to the firms effort to lower operational costs, hence offer reduced fare prices to its customers. Further, it is notable that due to the firms growth and expansion strategies, AA was listed at position 120 on the Fortune 500 list in 2010, hence raising investors confidence (Rushe, 2011). As a result of reduced profitability of the firm over the last three years highly attributable to the recent global recession, AA has started to promote its products and services using social media, such as Twitter, Facebook, blogs and MySpace, which are becoming popular, especially among the younger generations globally. This way AA has been able to gain an advanced competitive edge over its rivals, such as Delta Airlines, South West airlines among others (Bedwell, 2009). Currently, AA is negotiating with airline makers Boeing Company, to enable the firm to replace all its domestic fleets with A320 Airbus, which is more environmentally friendly in comparison to the current airplanes being used (Rushe, 2011). In conclusion, AA is one of the successful airline companies in the 21st century, despite the reduced profitability levels. Buy custom American Airlines Research Plan essay

Software Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Software Liability - Essay Example We need to know more about software liability and know who should be held liable. Issues It is therefore helpful to know what should be protected to be able to make sure that software users are sheltered unintended consequences for any malfunction. Every piece of software comes will a license agreement which strips off the creator for any liability that may result using their product (Tompkins, 2000). We cannot just let the companies sell their products and then by just a click of the license agreement, the programmers are not liable anymore. What if the software is used in medical fields where lives are at risk? What protection should be provided for the end users? Do we have existing protection for the software users? Are the creators, programmers, owners protected too? Discussion Software users should therefore be protected with the contract that they had agreed with the providers, developers or programmers. Each software user enters into a contract or license agreement with the p roviders believing that all the statements regarding the product they wanted to buy or use are true. Thus, any defects and malfunctions of each product or software should be given utmost attention and reparation. According to Kaner (1997), there are a lot of theories which a software consumer is protected and software developer can be sued. The software developer or programmer can be held liable for criminal act and intentional tort, which includes intentional tampering of the consumer’s computer or loading viruses (Kaner, 1997). A consumer can also sue for strict liability and negligence which a defective product caused injury and damage to the consumer since each company has duty to take reasonable measures to make the product safe (Kaner, 1997). Kaner (1997) also included fraud, negligent misrepresentation, unfair deceptive trade practice, unfair competition, and FTC enforcement to cover for misrepresentation of product and other fraudulent and deceptive acts of the progra mmers regarding the software. Lastly, a programmer or company can be sued for breach of contract when in each software transaction, a user and a provider engages in a contract which gives obligation to each other (Kaner, 1997). These protections should not be expanded anymore. Venters (2007) stated that we also need to consider the types of failures that happen. As he explained, there is a big difference between intentional failure and accidental failure (Venters, 2007). Even if we say that consumers can greatly be affected by the malfunctions or defects of the product, we must also consider that the providers such as programmers or developers also did their best to provide the best product with good intention. The software producers, programmers, developers and owners are also protected. The scope of protection and likelihood of enforcement of protection varies by country (International Legal Protection for Software, n.d.). They are protected by Trade Act and other intellectual pro perty and copyright laws in several countries. They are also protected by the license agreement that the consumers or users and providers agreed into. Every time the users agree into license agreement, they are agreeing to the contract and therefore waiving their rights to complain regarding the products they are using. The consumers agreed to purchase the product stating that providers are not liable for any problems that may arise after such transaction. This is their

Insider Threat- Employer Rights and Liabilities Research Paper

Insider Threat- Employer Rights and Liabilities - Research Paper Example Employeestheotherhandhavebenefiteditimprovedaccurateandmorereliablesystemscomingplace However, despite these benefits, these employers need to create a warm environment one where the employee does not have to worry every time that is watching them. The latter behavior may greatly impact on the performance of the employee and significantly cripple the talent factor in the organization. A monitoring regime that is effective should motivate the employers to put in place good practices that will better how the institution performs than it is currently. That should also include how employees behave since it will impact on quality of performance by the individual and the team collectively (Ciocchetti, 2011). Excellent ways of doing things are pertinent to use of technology in monitoring and the likeliness of invading the privacy of the employees. In establishing the norms of the institution, employers try to ascertain the necessity of monitoring, suitable control techniques for the organization and how the process of monitoring may be misused by individual employees. Further, it involves management explaining the practices they are using for monitoring through the required notice channels. In addition, it covers the legal factor when there is a failure on the part of management in implementing the policy on monitoring. Some institution cares about the issues at stake a nd takes monitoring of employees seriously. However, some companies do not consider the psyche of their workforce or the factor on invading their privacy. The law has a duty to establish basic standards that will guide organizations, but it is the responsibility of the management in check to enforce the policies on employees morale and monitoring schemes in use. A regime that effectively monitors employees is one that constitutes best practices and gives employers an opportune to implement these practices in the quest for achieving the core purposes of

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo - Essay Example Thesis statement: The close examination of the novel Pedro Paramo proves that the writer’s diction is interconnected with his aim to portray the difference between past and present, symbolism is related to the symbols like rain and fertility, usage of imagery is related to air, water and stone, and figurative language is related to the development of magical realism as a specific genre in world literature. Plot summary The novel’s plot is related to the lives of the narrator (Juan Preciado), his father Pedro Paramo, and his (the narrator’s father’s) lover, Susana San Juan. One can see that Comala, the imaginary town, is the background of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, the narrator decides to conduct an expedition to Comala to find out his father. But he did not try to stick on to his decision. Later, he was forced to start his journey to the town of Comala. Within this context, the narrator portrays the present situation in Comala. Now, the situ ation is different because most of the people who live in this town are spirits/ghosts. In the work by Rulfo, Sacabo, and Peden, the narrator made clear that â€Å"Nothing but abandoned houses, their empty doorways overgrown with weeds† (19). ... In the end, the people of Comala were forced to die by starvation. Examination: This section includes topics like diction, which portrays the difference between past and present, symbolism or the usage of symbols in the novel like rain and fertility, the usage of imagery like air, water and stone, and the usage of figurative language which represents the development of the genre of magical realism. A. Diction One can easily identify that the novelist’s ultimate aim in the novel is to make use of the story telling technique (first person and third person narrative technique) to portray the difference between past and present. For instance, the opening of the novel deals with the present condition in Comala, which is described by the narrator. On the other side, after the narrator’s untimely death, the narration suddenly shifts from first person to third person. In this way, Juan Preciado becomes unimportant in the following sections of the novel. From a different angle o f view, both the son and the father are no more and narration is handed over to the novelist. At the same time, this technique does not hinder the development of the plot because the same revolves around Pedro Paramo’s adventures. In this way, the novelist fulfils his aim to portray the difference between past and present. B. Symbolism The symbols like rain and fertility are interconnected because rain is symbolic of life/fertility. In the novel, the element of rain is made use by the novelist to portray the problems faced by the people of Comala. To be specific, the present condition in Comala is related to the lack of rain and the negative attitude of the leader (Pedro Paramo). Here, the leader is symbolic of rain which provides all to the living world. On the other

Coca-Cola Management Assignment

Coca-Cola Management Assignment Coca-Cola Management Executive Summary Coca-Cola is one of the leading manufacturers of carbonated drinks all over the world. Over the past decades, Coca-Cola remained on top of the industry. The company was able to withstand the World War II, and even took it as a business opportunity rather than a liability. It was able to surpass the Asian Financial Crisis and even gained better access in markets that it was not able to fully enter. Coca-Cola exhibited the efficient change management as part of the strategic management process. Change management is the process in which it manages the change in the side of people. There individual change management and organisational change management are the theories of change management. Aside form the theories there are also four strategies of change management which are the Empirical-rational, normative-reeducative, power-coercive and environmental-adaptive. This paper examines the various changes that occurred in Coca-cola. Moreover, this paper also discusses the management styles that managers of Coca-cola have adopted. The paper talks about management strategies and analysis will be given on Coca-cola. In addition, there is also a discussion on theories of change and change management. Introduction Over the past years people, systems and the environment have evolved. Change is the only thing that is constant in this ever changing world. From the physical attributes of individuals, up to the environment, change is very evident. Just like the environment and people, businesses also undergoes changes, it can be either massive or minimal. Often times, changes occur in the management of the corporation, in order to keep up with the competition. According to MacCalman and Paton (2000) the people who went home winners and on top have the common characteristics of effectively handling the changes in the situation. Changes in management is a process that any organisation must undergo, a business will not be complete if it never experienced change. Prior to discussing change management, the word change must be first defined. According to Davidson (2001) â€Å"change is the significant difference in what was before.† In business it means accomplishing tasks in a new format, following new directions, acquiring new technologies, new management procedures, acquisitions and merging and other important events in corporations. Moreover, Davidson described the characteristics of change. According to him change is significant, prolonged and disruptive and change is a continuous process of alignment. Davidson (2001) argued that change is significant, prolonged and disruptive. In this attribute, change in an organisation includes venturing into new areas of business, such as entering new products in the new market, facing an unexpected event such as economic crisis and redirection of the company. According to Kudray and Kleiner (as cited by Davidson), an aligned organisation must have a continuous synchronisation of the important management levers such as strategy, operation, culture and reward. Kudray and Kleiner discussed that in these management levers, the managers, chief executive officers and supervisors are responsible for manipulating and rearranging both the human and non-human elements. In addition, MaCalman and Paton discussed that change is an important aspect in the business world especially in technology and innovation, from simple technologies and procedures up to more complex operating environments, nowadays technologies and products are coming together to achieve a common conclusion or objective. Organisations that resist changes will inevitably face wider exposure to risks and losses. There are a number of situations in which change is necessary within the organisation such as technological advancement that is being utilised by different companies in order to cope up with the competition. Aside from what was mentioned earlier, there are still many issues and concerns that are necessary for change in the organisation, however the most substantial thing is that organisations acknowledge that changes happen constantly for different reasons and the management must address these changes as soon as possible to prevent great losses. In relation to the discussion of management issues, this paper will be discussing the business strategies of Coca-Cola Company in accordance to change process. Change Management Theories Nickols (2006) has four basic definitions of change management, according to him it is a task of managing changes, a field of professional practice, a body of knowledge and information and a control mechanism. Task of Managing Change- Nickols (2006) defined managing changes as â€Å"the devising of transformation in a planned and systematic fashion.† He stated that the main objective of managing change is to efficiently implement new techniques and methods within the organisation, moreover the changes to be handled depends upon the control of the organisation. Area of Professional Practice- in what way professional practice came into managing changes? Are there any relations between the two? Years ago, managing changes in a corporation is done by the management, supervisors, and CEO of the company, but nowadays with the constant change in the concepts of business and evolution of new theories a number of people have developed firms that particularly addresses the issues regarding managing changes. According to Nickols (2006), there are a number of individuals and consulting firms that declare they engaged in activities that involves planned change and that the firm exercises change management practices. A Body of Knowledge- The body of knowledge in change management according to Nickols (2006) includes the following, models, methods and techniques, tools and various forms of knowledge that constructs the change management practice. Moreover, Nickols discussed that the content of change management is influence by sociology, psychology, business administration, industrial engineering, economics, systems engineering and human and organisational behaviour. Control Mechanism- over the past years groups and individuals handling the information systems of organisation have tried to control and direct changes to the applications and systems of the company, however, in recent years people working in this particular area have referred this mechanism of control as â€Å"Change management.† Perception regarding change management has evolved over the past years. Change management is utilised in new procedure, structures, and technologies in order to overpower the resistance to change, however as studies and ideas regarding change management evolved over the past years, the view on change management switched from a tool in overcoming resistance to developing strength and involvement in transformation. Due to this change management is now regarded as leadership ability than a responsive instrument in handling resistance. Coca-Cola Corporation Management Strategies Coca-Cola was established on May 8, 1886 by Dr. John Stith Pemberton, a local pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia. It was first sold in Jacob’s pharmacy for five cents per glass. Initially Coca-cola was sold as a drug, Pemberton during that time considers Coca-cola as a cure for diseases such as dyspepsia, morphine addiction, headache and impotence (North America Operating System, 2008). In the year 1985, due to the aggressive campaign of its rival Pepsi, the Coca-Cola Company reformulated the popular carbonated drinks to suit the preference of the consumers which is sweeter soda. However, the New Coke became a commercial failure which leads to the adverse reaction of the public. Protests from different sectors of the society emerged. Due to these events the company return the original formula and named it Coca-Cola Classic. Despite returning the original formula, the company still received accusations from different groups. In the year 2005 the company launched and announced their upcoming products which are the Diet Coke and Coca-Cola Zero (The Coca-Cola company case n.d.). Coca-cola Company is clearly one of the most popular companies in the world. Aside from the fact that it is also one of the oldest corporations that was able to withstand World War II and other changes in the economy over the past years. The fact still remains that it is one of the most famous brands of Cola in the world (The Coca-Cola company case n.d.). The Coca-Cola Company was able to resist the hindrances that occurred; the company was able to utilised change management as efficiently as possible to withstand the obstacles. As mentioned earlier, changes in management is caused by three different factors which are the external environment, internal changes and the proactive reaction to possible threats and difficulties. External Environment Evaluation- over the past decades, the Coca-Cola Company has faced a number of changes in the external environment that have transformed the management of the company. One of the best examples is during the World War II. The company was able to maintain the status of the company, at the same time, was able to enter new markets despite the environment. Instead of lying-low because of the war, the company became more aggressive through providing free drinks for the GIs during the World War II. Through this the corporation was able to hit two birds at one stone. First, because the carbonated drinks sent by the company, it became a patriotic symbol by the United States soldiers in which led to consumer loyalty. Second, the company was able to take advantage of the situation and established the product in newly-occupied countries by the Ally forces and because of that the company established plants in various locations worldwide paving the way for its post-war expansi on. Another aspect in the external environment is the change of taste and expectations of the consumers. During the mid-1980s wherein the Americans favoured the sweet taste of the rival product, the company created its counterpart but became a commercial failure; however instead of backing down, Coca-Cola changed its management strategy and returned the old formula, and just renamed it as Coca-Cola Classic. And with the rise of obesity in the United States and consumers became health conscious the company released new versions of Coke in order to address the needs of these type of consumers, such products include Diet Coke and Coca-Cola Zero. In addition, according to Bool (2008) companies such as Coca-Cola are compulsory to transform due to trends that have a huge impact on their business, and one of these trends is the health and fitness. A number of people are noe investing more in their health, and in order to keep up with the trend, Coca-Cola introduced their new product which is a calorie burning soft drink, the Enviga. Moreover, Coca-Cola is collaborating with the Swiss company Nestle. Coca-Cola is dealing with innovation and change. During the Asian Financial Crisis, Coca- Cola was also triggered to change its course of management in that particular region. The responses and reactions of Coca-Cola with the external environment are its internal changes. Internal Changes- as mentioned earlier, Asia experienced its financial crisis in 1997. According to Barton, Newell and Wilson (2002) as the financial crisis swept the Asian region, the chief executive officer, Douglas Daft responded to this by mobilising his executives to workshops about how Coca-Cola would seize new growth opportunities. Barton et al, stated that Coca-Cola gave emphasis on acquisition opportunities, Coca-Cola bought acquired bottling business in South Korea which gave more access in retail stores in South Korea, as well as, better entry in China, Japan and Malaysia. Coca-Cola disregarded its country-defined market perspective and focused on regional strategic view and acquired local brands of tea and coffee. In the case of health trends and changing taste of the consumers, Coca-Cola responded to this through innovation and change. Innovation is accomplished through development of new products such as the Enviga, Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, and other variants of Coke. The change is incited by the trend in health and fitness and consumer tastes which had an impact on the business of Coca-Cola. During World War II, the response of Coca-Cola to the situation is to provide free drinks to the GIs in order to access new markets in which the company was able to do. Risk Management- Companies whether it is small or large are already acting in advance in order to combat the possible risks that may arise in the future. According to Neville (2005) in the wake of 911, the insurance market have changed, big companies reconsider the possible risks and how are they going to use insurance, in Coca-Cola after the prices increased the company look past the typical path of buying insurance directly but instead Coca-Cola considered wholesale insurance through captives. In the year 2000, The Business Wire, reported that Coca-Cola changed its senior management team and organisational structure for the purpose of facing the opportunities, threats and challenges as the company enters the new phase of management. Moreover, Coca-Cola North America is decentralising its organisation, as well as, pushing accountability and authority into the field of the organisation. The change in the senior management is one change management step that Coca-Cola have undergone in order to increase the efficiency of the company. The appointed individuals are seasoned beverage bottling executives; therefore Coca-Cola sees consistent increase in the revenues of the company. The change in the senior management has been effective because the sales of Coca-Cola in North America have been consistent. In addition, according to North America Operating System. (2008), the company undertook a significant change in which an organisational structure was developed to respond to the needs of consumers through incorporating the North American bottle and can, fountain and juices in a single unit of operation. Through this change it enhanced the way beverage choices are created, and it unifies the system of the supply chain, procurement and distribution in which it increased the efficiency of services to consumers. Individual Change Management- According to Hiatt and Creasey (2002) individual change management is the process in which the company provides tools and training to its employees to be able to handle their personal transition through change. The ADKAR Model, according to Hiatt and Creasey is a model that can be use as an individual change management. The ADKAR model shows five stages an individual undergoes during the process of change (Hiatt and Creasey 2002): Awareness of the need to change- in Coca-Cola employees, stakeholders and even consumers are informed in the changes, especially in the management, just like in the case of appointing Shaun B. Higgins as the new president of the Coca-Cola Company in 2005. Desire to participate and support the change- the employees in Coca-Cola especially the ones in the management positions participate in the changes that the company must undergo, like in the case of changing the packaging of Coca-Cola. Knowledge about how to change- the senior managers of Coca- Cola have adequate knowledge regarding the changes that must take place within the company, an example is in the case of Daft in which he had knowledge on changes that must be done in order to counter the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. Ability to implement new skills- Coca-Cola has a long history of changes, some are failures, but most of the time it is effective, therefore the company has the ability to put into action the changes that the company have developed, take the case of Daft, together with his team, they were able to implement the changes, not just in one country but a whole region successfully. Reinforcement to keep the change in place- Coca-Cola is an established company and has already made a mark not just in the lives of Americans but most people in this world. The successful implementations of the changes in the company are due to the strict reinforcement of changes in the company. Organisational Change Management- this theory presents a general procedure for managing the change in the side of the people at an organisational level (Kotter, 1996). According to Hiatt and Creasey, the organisational change management is consists of three phases, which are, preparing for change, managing change and reinforcing change. The theory of organisational change management was effectively utilised by Coca-Cola. Different managers in various parts of the world have used organisational change management in order to address the issues that the Coca-Cola faced. From the case study (The Coca-Cola company case n.d.) these people are: One of the most notable CEOs of Coca-Cola Company is Mr. Gouzueta, he was the chief executive officer of Coca-Cola for seventeen years. He was able to determine the problem against other manufacturer of carbonated drinks. Mr. Gouizetta played a huge role in measuring the operation of Coca-Cola and developed strategies that aided the Coca-Cola to defeat competition. In addition, Mr. Gouizetta played important roles in planning and leading the tasks in achieving the goals and objectives. In addition, Mr. Gouizetta also appointed Mr. Ivester whom transformed the weakness of Coca-Cola into opportunities and strengths (The Coca-Cola company case. n.d.). Furthermore, the paper of Pigseye, the following organisational management changes that occurred in Coca-Cola over the past years. Coca- Cola has distinguished various forms of its advertisements in order to target different forms of consumers instead of focusing on one group. The company changed the packaging of Coke. Coca- Cola also developed new products such as Gatorade and it extended globally which is composed of the African group, Middle and Far East group, the Latin America group and the European Group (The Coca-Cola company case. n.d.). Conclusion Change management is a process in which all companies undergo. This is an important procedure because it enables the organisation to make decisions that will be advantageous and beneficial to the company. In addition, organisations that are open to change are generally more successful compare to companies that resist it. In a globalise market, new technologies and procedure are emerging rapidly, in order to keep up with this progress a company must be willing to adapt to management changes. The international, as well as, the local market has a very stiff competition, therefore in order to be on top change management must be utilised by companies. Coca-Cola is one of the best examples of companies that utilised change management efficiently and have yielded positive results. The evidence is the dominance of Coca-Cola in the soft drink industry not just in the United States but all over the world. References: Barton, D., Newell, R. Wilson. G. 2002, When Is a Good Time to Make Strategic Advances? during a Crisis, of Course. The McKinley Quarterly, pp. 77+ Bool, H. 2008, Change and Pressures to Innovate- The Coca Cola Case. Ezine Articles, viewed 30 January 2008, http://ezinearticles.com/?Change-and-Pressures-to-InnovateThe-Coca-Cola-Caseid=328921 Business Wire 2000, Coca-Cola Enterprise Inc. Announces Management Changes and North America Group Reorganisation. Davidson, J.P. 2001, The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Change Management, Alpha Books Hiatt, J. Creasey, T. 2002, The Definition and History of Change Management, viewed: 30 January 2008, http://www.prosci.com/tutorial-change-management-history.html. Kotter, JP. 1996, Leading Change, Harvard Business School Press MacCalman, J. and Paton, R. 2000, Change Management: A Guide to Effective Implementation, Sage Publications Inc. Neville, L. 2005, Insurers Seek New Role in A Changing World, Global Finance, viewed 30 January 2008, http://www.gfmag.com/2005/Apr/c_ci/fe_art06.php Nickols, F. 2006, Change Management 101: A Primer, Distance Consulting, viewed 30 January 2008, http://home.att.net/~nickols/change.htm. North America Operating System. 2008, Coca-Cola Company, viewed 30 January 2008, http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/investors/annualandotherreports/2003/opseg.shtml The Coca-Cola company case. n.d., Pigseye, viewed 30 January 2008, http://pigseye.kennesaw.edu/~jmburu/case2.html

Stem Cell Research - Genetically Unstable Stem Cells Essay -- Genetic

   A new study of problems in cloning suggests that embryonic stem cells are "surprisingly genetically unstable" in mice and perhaps in humans as well. This "may complicate efforts to turn the cells into cures," and interfere with efforts to produce all-purpose cell lines that could reliably become tissue of any desired type. "You may have to establish hundreds of lines to get the few you'd want to have," Dr. John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University now says. Establishing hundreds of these cell lines could require destroying many thousands of human embryos, and replenishing them with thousands more when the original cell lines become too unstable for further use. Perhaps most troubling is the news that these researchers deleted from their final paper a reference to this problem, believing that any public acknowledgment of such setbacks has become too "politically sensitive." We can only wonder how much of this kind of information is being withheld without detection. We have reache d a stage in this discussion where, on the side supporting destructive embryo research, science is becoming subservient to politics.    Most Christians have grave concerns on this critically important issue of embryonic stem cell research. In our view, conducting research that relies on deliberate destruction of human embryos for their stem cells is illegal, immoral and unnecessary.    It is illegal because it violates an appropriations rider (the Dickey amendment) passed every year since 1995 by Congress. That provision forbids funding "research in which" human embryos (whether initially created for research purposes or not) are harmed or destroyed outside the womb.(1) National Institutes of Health guidelines approved by the Clinton Admini... ...ency (SCID)-X1 Disease," 288 Science 669-72 (28 April 2000).    16. K. Foss, "Paraplegic regains movement after cell procedure," The Globe and Mail (Toronto), June 15, 2001 at A1.    17. E. Ryan et al., "Glycemic Outcome Post Islet Transplantation," Abstract #33-LB, Annual Meeting of the American Diabetes Association, June 24, 2001. See: http://38.204.37.95/am01/AnnualMeeting/Abstracts/NumberResults.asp?idAbs=33-LB.    18. M. McCullough, "Islet transplants offer hope that diabetes can be cured," Philadelphia Inquirer, June 22, 2001 at A1.    19. D. Woodbury et al., "Adult Rat and Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Differentiate Into Neurons," 61 J. of Neuroscience Research 364-70 (2000) at 364 (emphasis added).    20. D. Prockop, "Stem Cell Research Has Only Just Begun" (Letter), 293 Science 211-2 (13 July 2001)(citations omitted).

Social Inequalities

To find out as to what extent social class not only shapes attitudes, values and beliefs, but also has a significant impact on life chances, I will begin by defining social stratification, social class and life chances. Sociological theories will also be used to help understand society. Education and employment impact on society will also be discussed using journal articles obtained as a guide. To understand social stratification, it is important to make a distinction between social inequality, which refers to the existence of socially created inequalities whereas social stratification is a particular form of inequality. It refers to the presence of distinct social groups which are ranked one above the other in terms of factors such as prestige and wealth. Using the functionalist theory, we can understand stratification better as this theory views society as a system that is set of interconnected parts which together form a whole. Talcott Parsons (1902- 79). Davis and moore (1945), claimed that all societies have some form of social stratification. George Peter Murdock (1949) maintained that the family exists in every known human society. All these people seem to suggest that individual families and social stratification meet needs that are common to all societies. I agree with the functionalism theory as it is small groups such as families that make up society as a whole. Each family trying to survive and do better than others in the process bettering the society. For a society to survive, functional prerequisites of society are required as Marion J. Levy (1952) argued that a society would cease to exist if its members were absorbed into another society or involved in a war of all against all. Marion J. Levy ’ s argument can be challenged. With the shortage of housing, families getting absorbed into another society would be replaced by families searching for accommodation. On the other hand, ethnomethodologists follow Alfred Schutz (1932) in believing there is no real social order as other sociological perspectives assume. Social life appears orderly to members of society only because members actively engage in making scence of social life. According to Zimmerman and Wieder (1971), society go about the task of seeing, describing and explaining order in the world in which they live. Social class – Savage et al. described social class as social collectivises rooted in particular types of exploitative relationships. These collectivises are groups of people who share levels of income, lifestyles, cultures and political orientations. An example of this could be a group of footballers, would share the same level of income, with similar lifestyles will act or be seen or perceived differently to golf players who are equally rich but may have a different lifestyle to footballers. This can be linked to Marxist theory. Karl Marx (1818- 83) regarded people as both the producers and the products of society. People are regarded as producers as they make society and themselves by their own actions. People are regarded as products of society in that they are shaped by the social relationships and systems of thought they create. To support Karl Marx ’ s comment on people being a product of society, a real life example could be given where a student joins university for the first time. University can be regarded as a society with different individuals, all trying to achieve the same thing. It is up to the new student to choose the group he joins and this will affect the student ’ s life at university if in a bad group or good group thereby making the student a product of that society. Life chances- Gerth and mills, (1954) stated that a person ’ s position in a stratification system may have important effects on many areas of life. It may enhance or reduce life chances that is their chances of obtaining those things that are desirable and avoiding those things defined as undesirable in their society. (Max Weber). To help determine whether in fact social class not only shapes attitudes, values and beliefs, it is important to categorize social class. Social class refers to the persistent social inequalities. Two distinct types of social inequality have been identified by researchers working with two different sociological theories. One theory is derived from the work of Karl Marx the other from the writings by Max Weber, which are somewhat critical of Marx ’ s work. Marxian approach suggests that social class was defined by ownership of the means of production bourgeoisie who exploit the workers who do not own the means of production (proletariat). Source: the Canadian encyclopedia. Marxian approach can be challenged as it does not refer to occupation or levels of income. Marxian approach regarded everyone that did not own land as proletariat. This would mean that senior managerial administrative and manual working class would be regarded as being in the same class (proletetariat). There is a vast difference between the income and benefits of senior managers compared to manual workers therefore it wouldn ’ t be right to put the two in the same class. Ethnic and gender factors are mportant in differentiating people and in relating them to the general division of labour and inequalities of opportunity and conditions which are associated with it. Another way of categorizing class is by referring to upper class, consisting of property owners (bourgeoisie), middle class consisting of senior managers, middle managers and supervisory and service worker class and finally the working class or lower class consisting of manual work ers. A variety of studies have shown that non-manual workers enjoy advantages over manual workers in terms of their life chances. The office for national statistics (ONS), has compiled a range of statistical evidence on inequalities between classes in England and Wales. (Focus on social inequalities 2004). In 2002, 77% of year 11 children with parents in higher professional occupations obtained five or more GCSE ’ S at grade C or above, compared to 32% of those with parents in routine occupations. In my opinion, the above statistics suggest that parents can also act as role models to their children. An example is that if a parent is CEO of an organization, he/she will encourage their children to do well at school and reach the same level or above the parent position. Just for being CEO, this parent has set a target level for his/her children which is quit hard to archive but with the parent ’ s income, the child can go to private school and increase life chances. On the other hand, it would be hard for a parent in manual labour to encourage their child to reach CEO position. This child may see this as an impossible task and will settle for the same factory job or aspire to be the factory supervior. This child ’ s parent income could not be enough to better life chance. Social class does really shape attitudes, values and beliefs and this can be supported by the common American saying â€Å" The American dream † . The American dream can be explained as a belief and the freedom that allows all citizens and residents to achieve their life chances in the USA. Today, in America it generally refers to the idea that one ’ s prosperity depends upon one ’ s own abilities and hard work. ( wikipedia encyclopedia). This is a message passed on to all people in America but in my opinion, people from the lower class are likely to believe in the American dream as some form of comfort or assurance that things could get better in future. The journal article below is by Andrew Billen. The Times. London uk. Aug 20, 2007. Pg 19(Full article can be found on Appendix 1) Page 2 In last night ’ s season opener, the fascistically titled the will to win[Robert Winston] fretted at age 7 their fates may already be sealed. Certainly, by the programme ’ s end it looked if the Jesuits knew what they were talking about. As little William sprinted ahead of the pack to the finishing line of his private school ’ s egg and spoon race, his ambitious mother was convinced he was already the person he would become. â€Å" I ’ m definitely going to win, † he had confidently predicted half an hour earlier. â€Å" And I ’ m going to come second, † chipped in his friend, the sort of friend William would need. Down at the other end of Britain, where life chances are more ragged, was [James], whose ambition in life had hardened up: he wanted to be a robber. His answer to a dumbed-down IQ test question, â€Å" what do you do if you find a wallet on the floor? † was â€Å" take it home † . Despite this, James ’ s IQ was found to be just a touch below average. If only he had been clever enough to choose different parents. His father had scampered when he was an infant, leaving his mother Carol, struggling. This article points out that a child born in an upper class family will have better life chances as they will be able to attend very good schools or private schools thereby bettering their chances of succeeding. Page 2 Aspects of life such as income play an important part in achieving life chances as pointed out by the article below taken from Allister Heath. Sunday Business London (UK) Jun 26. 2005 pg 1. The writer noted that the UK is plagued with low social mobility; and that this is partly due to the strong and increasing relationship between family income and educational attainment. The proportion of children from the poorest fifth of families born during the early 1980s obtaining a degree has increased from 6% to 9%, while the graduation rate for the richest fifth has risen from 20% to 47%. Full article can be found on Appendix 2) Social class still exists at present as most of what we do on a daily basis is determined by how we perceive or wish to perceive ourselves. Eg, the cars we choose to buy, friends we choose etc. Jonathan Moore, UK BBC Publication, 18/12/2007 I fully agree that social class does in fact have a significant impact on life chances. The functionalist theory did des cribe society as a system that is set of interconnected parts which together form a whole. This brings out the fact that society is divided into different classes and that inequalities do exist. William, in the journal article was positive he would win because of his up brining from his parents not to accept second best. His parents, through their jobs have set a target for William which will affect his life chances. REFERENCES Martin Holborn and Mike Haralambos, sociology themes and perspectives, seventh edition, 2007. Tony J. Watson, sociology ,work and industry, third edition, 1995. Mike Noon and Paul Blyton, the realities of work, second edition, 2002. Keith Grint, the sociology of work, third edition, 2005. The times. London(uk): Aug 20, 2007 pg 19. Sunday Business. London(uk): Jun 26,2005 pg 1.

How to Conjugate the Verb Potere in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Potere in Italian Talking about what you can and can’t do is a basic cornerstone of everyday conversation, so you’re going to want to know the verb â€Å"potere† and its conjugations inside and out. What’s more, it’s an irregular verb, so it doesn’t follow the typical -ere verb ending pattern. Below you’ll find all of its conjugation tables as well as examples. Some definitions of â€Å"potere† include: To be able toCanMay What to know about potere: It’s a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object.When it’s used as a modal verb, it usually takes the auxiliary verb required by the verb it is paired with.The infinito is â€Å"potere†.The participio passato is â€Å"potuto†.The gerund form is â€Å"potendo†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo potuto†. INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io posso noi possiamo tu puoi voi potete lui, lei, Lei pu loro, Loro possono Esempi: Possiamo andare al Colosseo? - Can we go to the Coliseum?Mi puà ² aiutare? - Can you help me? (formal)Loro possono fare tutto quello che vogliono. - They can do whatever they want. Il passato prossimo io ho potuto noi abbiamo potuto tu hai potuto voi avete potuto lui, lei, Lei ha potuto loro, Loro hanno potuto Esempi: L’anno scorso ho guadagnato un sacco di soldi, cosà ¬ ho potuto comprare una nuova macchina!   - Last year I earned a bunch of money, so I was able to buy a new car.Non ti abbiamo potuto aspettare. - We couldn’t wait for you. L’imperfetto io potevo noi potevamo tu potevi voi potevate lui, lei, Lei poteva loro, Loro potevano Esempi: C’erano tante lingue tra cui potevo scegliere ad imparare, perà ² alla fine, ho scelto l’Italiano. - There were a lot of languages I could have chosen to learn, but in the end, I chose Italian.Quando mi ha raccontato la storia, non ci potevo credere! - When he told me the story, I couldn’t believe it! Il trapassato prossimo io avevo potuto noi avevamo potuto tu avevi potuto voi avevate potuto lui, lei, Lei aveva potuto loro, Loro avevano potuto Esempi: Non avevo mai potuto studiare all’estero. - I had never been able to study abroad.Era il massimo che loro avevano potuto fare. - It was the maximum they had been able to do. Il passato remoto io potei/potetti noi potemmo tu potesti voi poteste lui, lei, Lei pot/potette loro, Loro poterono/potettero Esempi: L’esercito di Napoleone non potà © sopravvivere nella campagna sperduta della Russia durante l’inverno. - Napoleon’s army couldn’t survive in the hopeless countryside of Russia during the winter.I nostri bisnonni non poterono/potettero viaggiare dapertutto come possiamo attualmente. - Our great-grandparents couldn’t travel anywhere like we can now. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi potuto noi avemmo potuto tu avesti potuto voi aveste potuto lui, lei, Lei ebbe potuto essi, Loro ebbero potuto Esempi: Quando i bambini ebbero potuto, mangiarono le caramelle. - When kids were could, they ate candies.Continuai a ripetere la stessa frase, finchà ¨ Mary ebbe potuto capire. - I kept repeating the same sentence, until Mary was able to understand. TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing, and that’s about it. Il futuro semplice io potr noi potremo tu potrai voi potrete lui, lei, Lei potr loro, Loro potranno Esempi: Quando tornano a casa, potremo andare a cena. - When they return home, we will be able to go to dinner.Potranno guardare il film con noi? - Will they will be able to watch the movie with us? Il futuro anteriore io avr potuto noi avremo potuto tu avrai potuto voi avrete potuto lui, lei, Lei avr potuto loro, Loro avranno potuto Esempi: Avevi il pomeriggio libero, avrai potuto dedicarti a te stessa! - You had a free afternoon, you must have dedicated time to yourself! Come avrete potuto notare avete passato l’esame! - As you will have noticed, you passed the exam! CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente io possa noi possiamo tu possa voi possiate lui, lei, Lei possa loro, Loro possano Esempi: Penso che, dato che ho gi il visto, io possa vivere in Italia per un anno. - Given that I already have a visa, I think that I live in Italy for a year.Sono contenta che tu possa venire con noi. - I’m happy that you can come with us. Il passato io abbia potuto noi abbiamo potuto tu abbia potuto voi abbiate potuto lui, lei, Lei abbia potuto loro, Loro abbiano potuto Esempi: Sono felice che Leonardo abbia potuto aiutarti. - I’m happy that Leonardo was able to help you.Non siamo sicuri se abbiano potuto trovare la scuola. - We’re not sure if they were able to find the school. L’imperfetto io potessi noi potessimo tu potessi voi poteste lui, lei, Lei potesse loro, Loro potessero Esempi: Speravo che lui potesse aiutarmi! - I hoped that he would be able to help me!Credeva che potesse cercare un nuovo lavoro senza problemi. - She believed she would be able to find a new job without problems. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi potuto noi avessimo potuto tu avessi potuto voi aveste potuto lui, lei, Lei avesse potuto loro, Loro avessero potuto Esempi: Vorrei che loro avessero potuto vederci! - I wish they could have seen us!Loro sono entrati alla festa, senza che la padrona di casa avesse potuto fare niente. - They showed up at the party, without the owner of the house could have done anything. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL Il presente io potrei noi potremmo tu potresti voi potreste lui, lei, Lei potrebbe loro, Loro potrebbero Esempi: Potrei andarci, perà ² non voglio. - I could go there, but I don’t want to.Lei vuole viaggiare? Potrebbe andare in Francia e fare WOOFing. - She wants to travel? She could go to France and do WOOFing. Il passato io avrei potuto noi avremmo potuto tu avresti potuto voi avreste potuto lui, lei, Lei avrebbe potuto loro, Loro avrebbero potuto Avrei potuto dirtelo, ma ho pensato non fossi pronta. - I could have told you, but I thought you weren’t ready.Avrebbe potuto scrivere almeno una e-mail! - She could have written at least one e-mail!

Health and Safety Essays

Health and Safety Essays Health and Safety Essay Health and Safety Essay Potential for falling objects – The employer or employee must do certain that all points of equipment. stuffs and tools that are non in usage must be stored/stacked right and firmly. Otherwise. there is a possible that the item/item may fall and wound a individual. . Crisp borders and draging leads – Sharp borders must be rounded off to do certain that a individual does non band a portion of their organic structure on them and draging leads should be wrapped in something protective to bunch them together. and to do certain they are out of the manner. . Emptying assembly countries – This is a designated country for staff and other members to run into. We have these to round up people off from the fire to guarantee the safety of everyone. Employers must develop their staff about a fire emptying. doing certain they know which point on the premises to travel to. . Site edifice plants – From clip to clip. employees may happen themselves holding to come in certain countries which may be risky. holding to come into contact with risky substances or holding to be exposed to noisy countries. It is the employers that should guarantee that any edifice work is kept separate from employees but in certain fortunes. all attention must be taken to do certain employees are kept safe in their working environment. . Off-site work – Any hazards that are connected with off-site work must be assessed before the work takes topographic point. These hazards are highlighted and controlled in a similar manner as to how they would be in the workplace. Employees and persons involved in off-site working must be provided with the right preparation and must be given the right information about wellness and safety working. . Organic infestation – When organic plagues arrive in the workplace. they can show infection jeopardies. be violative. pollute nutrient. create harm to stuffs and constructions and besides. can be an irritation to employees. Employers have a responsibility to guarantee that there is an efficient direction of organic plagues. otherwise things may intensify. But besides. employees have a duty to describe any sightings of plagues or to convey up grounds of their being to the suited individual. . Vermin infestation – Vermin infestation can do some serious jobs in the workplace. This can include: harm to equipment. harm to electrical supplies. and taint of any H2O supplies and besides the menace of holding disease from dungs or piss. Employers must do certain that they carry out hazard appraisals and employees must do certain that they report any sightings of rat/mice activity. Infestations can be prevented by holding good workplace hygiene. which involves regular housework. ( hoovering. cleaning rugs and cloths exhaustively ) . . Dampness and Mould – When moistness and mold arises. it can do legion wellness issues and jobs for the employees who work at that place. They may endure from allergic reactions and cold-like symptoms. which includes sneeze and cranky eyes. Damp jobs can besides do serious respiratory jobs for employees. It is the employer’s responsibility to maintain his staff happy and healthy. and so to lodge with this. they should guarantee that they can make all they can to forestall it. Ways which consist of: drying up any condensation around the workplace within 48 hours. put in proper airing and guaranting that cold surfaces are decently insulted. . Materials and Waste disposal – Some employees may come into contact with stuffs which could be risky to their wellness. If this isn’t dealt with decently. these can ensue in hurt or even decease. Employers must attest that they minimise the hazards to their workers that are exposed to these stuffs. Equally good as this. directors have a responsibility to do certain that risky waste is accurately recognized at certain phases of production and that appropriate steps are taken to protect the wellness of the environing people. . Hygiene installations – There are general public assistance demands for staff and employers must guarantee that certain minimal degrees of hygiene installations are provided in the workplace. Types of rinsing installations depend on the nature of what type of working concern it is. The country in which staff can rinse must be in an easy. accessible topographic point. They must be hygienic. good illuminated and ventilate. Hot soap and H2O must be provided and either manus towels and electric manus driers. Besides. work forces and adult females should hold separate installations. . Disabled entree and lavatory installations – Employers have a responsibility to guarantee that if they do employer a individual who is disabled to come and work for them. that there is sufficient handicapped lavation installations and lavatory installations. The installations should hold: drop down manus and besides support tracks. exigency pull cords. accessible wash basins. soap dispensers. toilet paper and paper towels. . Food readying countries – In any type of nutrient readying are. there must be rigorous regulations and ordinances laid down by the employer to forestall nutrient from being contaminated. Equally good as this. it is their duty to do certain that their employees and staff aren’t a hazard to nutrient safety. This is where employers need to concentrate on 4 chief countries to guarantee wellness and safety: maintaining the country clean. describing any unwellnesss. vesture and personal cleanliness/hygiene. . Pest control – Employers must make a figure of things to command plagues. A few of them being: securing edifices to forestall them from come ining. puting and maintain toxicants and traps to kill them. spraying insect powders to kill plagues and put ining ultraviolet insect slayers. . Noise and atmospheric pollution – This can be a serious issue to workers and employers have a responsibility to cut down any noise pollution that might take to damage to the ears. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations applies to any workers who are exposed to noises over 85 dBs or more in the workplace. Durable exposure to this sum of noise will damage an employees hearing. In add-on to commanding noise pollution. employers must guarantee that their workers aren’t exposed to atmospheric pollution. This is known as air pollution. Atmospheric pollution is any particulate affair nowadays in the air that has the possible to damage someone’s wellness. This includes: dust. exhausts and gases. Any wellness status that is caused by atmospheric pollution has the possible to be really fatal for the people in the workplace. Employers have a legal duty to do certain that hazard appraisals are carried out. Suitable and efficient proviso must be provided to guarantee that every workspace is ventilated by a measure of fresh or even purified air. . Temperature and airing – Temperature in work countries should supply sensible comfort without the demand for certain types of vesture. If the temperature is excessively hot or cold. stairss should be taken to accomplish a sensible temperature which is close to comfortable. If employees. staff or any kind of worker is exposed to temperatures that are excessively high or low. the employer must do proviso to do certain that their workers are every bit comfy as possible. Equally good as temperature control. workplaces must guarantee that there is some signifier of airing. This gives workers the chance to take a breath fresh. clean air when they are working. Windows can be one from of airing and another could be decently installed mechanical systems. Both of which provide airing for workers. Ventilation systems which are provided in the workplace should take and thin. warm. humid air which can sometimes be uncomfortable to work in. . Equipment – Maintenance of a safe working environment ranges from holding safe equipment and warning marks to assist protect workers from being harmed. . Safety guards – The guarding of unsafe machinery has been a legal demand for many old ages under the Health and Safety at Work act 1974. Employers must do certain that unsafe machinery that is being used by the workers are trained and the appropriate individual for the occupation. . Warning marks and sound signals – One of the most common safety characteristics in the workplace are warning marks which are used to alarm employees and workers to the possible hazards or dangers that are around them. Besides. warning marks may teach employees on what to make if an exigency occurred. Certain marks such as fire issues must be able to illume up in the instance of an exigency and they must besides be fitted with hearable dismaies. Training must be provided to every employee so that they understand the information or waies being conveyed by any warning marks in their workplace. Another point is. is that the general safety demands for staff in the workplace is that all workers should be cognizant of any sound signals that the company uses if there is of all time an exigency state of affairs. These sound signals are classed as safety marks and staff should do certain that they know what to make if one of these goes away. Staff and workers should be trained to cognize what each and every sound signal agencies in instance of an exigency and besides to cognize what they have to make in the event of hearing it travel off. . Maintenance frequence – A batch of accidents that that go on in the workplace are due to faulty or ill maintained work equipment. Employers have a responsibility to do certain that all of their equipment is maintained and in good form. They should besides guarantee that the care log is kept up to day of the month screening when the machinery and equipment was last inspected/serviced. The care frequence of workplace machinery and equipment depends on legion factors. such as the working bounds and maximal usage of equipment. how it is used and the hazard to safety of malfunction. . Protective vesture – Several occupation functions require staff and workers to have on protective vesture. This can do the occupation that they have much easier. can forestall them from acquiring an hurt and can even salvage lives. Baseball gloves. helmets. footwear. face masks. chemical suits. high-visibility waistcoats and oculus defenders all come under types of PPE. It is the employer’s duty to guarantee that their workers and employees have PPE provided and that it besides matches the possible jeopardies. They must besides guarantee that employees know why they must have on their PPE and that it must be worn right. . Accessible exigency exits – As a portion of their exigency hazard appraisal. employers must take into consideration whether. in the event of an exigency. like a fire that is taking topographic point. all persons that are in the workplace could go forth in a safe mode and make a safe finish. So for this. they must supply safe and accessible fire issues. These fire issues must be clearly signposted with marks that light up and that are alarmed. . Fire asphyxiators or sprinkler systems – In the workplace. employers must do certain that they provide the agencies for staff to handle little fires. The figure of fire asphyxiators that are required within a concern. all depends on how big or little that concern is. Typically. asphyxiators are sited following to possible fire hazards. such as warmers or a computing machine. and they are besides near to issue doors and staircases. Besides. asphyxiators must be obviously signed and labelled. There are five chief types of asphyxiator. and these are: H2O. froth. CO2. pulverization and wet chemical. Employers must do certain that they train their staff and workers to cognize which type of asphyxiator to utilize on a fire and so that they besides know how to work them decently. A much more effectual manner of covering with fires that occur in the workplace. is the installing of a H2O sprinkler system. These work by a fire triping them and H2O is so fed from the H2O supply and puts out the fire. These sprinkler systems are seen as a safer manner of seting out a fire and besides much more effectual.